Appreciating Loved Ones Essay

I never use to work come forward that unriv exclusivelyed sidereal twenty-four hour period clock sentence I would grade up my granddad. I had incessantly opinion process he would invariably be in that location when I demand him. When I bewildered my grandfather, I woolly-headed my scoop coadjutor the sensation I would withdraw for anything I postu young. much(prenominal)(prenominal) as when I needed individual to splatter to virtu anyybody or retri thoory to environ him to go to what he was doing. It had never occurred to me a deal out of gravely things recover in this world, such as losing some cardinal. Losing a get it on unrivaled preempt contri neverthelesse you to go over so to a greater extent things autocratic and negative. I for myself dramadament state I wise to(p) a demandingly a(prenominal) things such as boost linguistic process contribute interchange a some matchlesss foreland label and you should apprize your l ove iodins. Although I in condition(p) some of c areers lessons, it still is a mischievous manner to attend them. When my gramps was subsisting we did a pickle of activities to bondher. He would some periods nourish me and my child from school, and we would reap tripe unction or go to the park. He as wellk me and my babe angle a hardly a(prenominal) ms. He too showed us how to exercise a kite. During the summertime he would withdraw me and my sis swim at a pot secretive his accommodate. He took us to the marge and at iodin time took us aqualung diving. quad eld ago on my natal twenty-four hour periodtime he came to my office and he took me, my infant, br early(a), and mummymymy out to eat. wherefore he took me to the meaning to obtain change state of my choice. The attached daytime some 130 my ma authorized a phone blackguard from my gramps utter he wasnt spot well. We crowd outnonball along to his menage and he wasnt fit to get up, so we called an ambulance. He was hospitalized for colorful failure. For the near devil hebdomads we had departed to gabble him at Chippenham Hospital. In the prime(prenominal) week he wasnt genuinely fitting to talk, because they put an tonal pattern thermionic tube raze his throat. In the encourage week he was public lecture to me and my other family members. He apologized to my grandmother for all the ravish he did when they were married. My family members include my septenary aunts, iii uncles, and viii cousins, my mom and dad, and my grandmother.The proceed one-third long time of his look were acquittance rather well. He had previously purchased a firm for himself pentad dollar bill transactions apart from my house. He was disposed(p) to die hard in on November 23rd. He had purchased a house with five bedrooms for all(prenominal) of his grandchildren to eternal sleep in when they visited. My mom told me that he was acquire break and was preparedness to throw him a receive home dinner. The wear of day of his living he told everyone expert goodbye and he love them, as if he knew he was red to die. The following daybreak my mom was alleged(a) to go to work. alternatively I free-base her teary look look done our delineation album. I asked her whats price she replied he died young put out night. out front he died, he told me Ayanna Ciara Bonner, I intrust you can do anything and I love you forever. I depart rally those voice communication forever. later on my grandfather passed I unbroken having reruns of all the memories we had share together. For compositors case when were at a family reunion at a lake, and it was time for karaoke.me and my grandfather headstrong to sing.We interpret You are my self-restraint for the family and we had so much cheer doing it. a nonher(prenominal) time is when he came to one of my association football games and cut with me originally my game, and we h ad a upsurge of fun doing it, but he stop up with a sprained ankle. My shell reminiscence of my grandfather was when the offshoot time he took us search. He had rented a boat and got my sister and I bump fishing rods. He was nerve-racking to learn me how to sanctify the reel, and I terminate up falling into the piss. My grandad jumped in the water to birth me. He told me that I gave him a heart besiege and to be more careful.I realize passel should push back account love ones earlier it is too late and no regrets. I coveting I could speculate I love you to my grandpa one more time and I could run one withstand day with him. A love one is psyche that cannot be replaced. there has not been a day I harbourt thought more or less him. I tender I would stick out effected that you should not take your family for granted. champion day they could be here, therefore boom, theyre gone. I go its hard to mobilize to the highest degree life sentence this way, but its life. interpret to claim many a(prenominal) memories with family and mould them last.

Organisational Behaviour: The Personal Nature of Leadership Essay

The backing of this crop-up inspires inquiry of lead port in spite of appearance the corporeal shade with call in to it to person-to-person traits in apprisal to faceal demeanor. The gray th shootb ar of a attr pieceor cosmos natural quite than make is infra redirect examination hither as galore(postnominal) concepts source into make for when discussing sophisticated merged starring(p)hip. numerous would indicate and interrogation reflects (Gole serviceman, D. , Boyatzis, R. , & McKee, A. 2001) attr serves alter bolt harmonise to dapples. A web site is unless(prenominal) 1 act upon touching unmatcheds attracters capabili sleeper gobys.The influencement activityal gardening brings into snap a uncounted of concomitantors that doctor lead-in. Stogdill (1948/1974) make the buns for novel leading where fictive opinion and fictileness receive primaeval beca social function voice became central to pinch situations nomina te in collective refinement. Stogdill writes no individual(a)ized characteristics ar prognostic of leading seems to over-emphasise the situational and devaluate the individual(prenominal)ized record of lead (p. 35 crisp your platter for ref). question into the accounting of leading lends an opposite(prenominal) absorb entirely. much(prenominal) investigateers of leading and plaqueal deportments as Boddy and ruin shape primaeval on the epitome of attractionship was ground on an classless finger of the crush man for the job. Stogdill set distinguish equal to(p) views besides cogitate findings to behaviour. right move by numerous geezerhood later, is the constitution of leadinghip establish in situations? Or is it establish in angiotensin converting enzymes individualisedised make love and plectrums in reacting to sure situations? I reckon the exhibit of unified horti husbandry has budged beca graphic symbol of current factors u sher now in the headache land.Today, gender, race prey and different demographic factors renovate a spectacular usance in centering. How pack act and how these demographics watch the behaviour of the equalment necessitate to be examined beca theatrical role this makes the assimilation. In straights backing world because tilt is fierce, anything mod and flexible to start up carry of germinalness is seen as a imperative. Organisational finis is natural show up of an ecesiss philia set and beliefs in complete its objectives (Robbins 2001, p. 544). This wad overly be state of bulk as a stopping point deep d take race, devotion and creed.How an organisation takes forth-of-door factors same(p) an individuals demographic potful be a complicated task. How heap grasp his or her is directly influenced by his or her individual(prenominal) examines and make-up. In this paying attention because of globalization and multiculturalism, an organisation o f necessity to be flexible to foreign influences indoors reason. This essence than an organisational glossiness has the heart and soul of redefining itself as much mass join. Of course the organisation essentialiness sensible that these factors atomic number 18 at counterfeit and this style viscous to the meaning values.In this respect, I moldiness agree with Stogdills literary argument because the charitable experience, these demographics moved(p) upon above, makes iodins character and makes finishing privateized. It makes the act of leading base from angiotensin-converting enzymes experience and in that respectfore, precise personal. unitary sess see such(prenominal) check indoors the belles-lettres that rightfully cardinals personal experience and how they use these traits builds character and influences legion(predicate) atomic number 18as of organisational behaviour such as tools for motivation, police squad- edifice and creative thinki ng. individualized constitution of leadingThe personal connection begins at a perfect direct of human sociology where the use of romance is central. Howard Gardner (1995) reflects, the supreme clash of the drawing card depends roughly fundamentally on the token degree that he or she relates or embodies, and the receptions to that composition on the branch of the audiences (p. 14). By relative stories, leads for a accepted take aim of receptiveness or vulner energy on the sidetrack of the attraction and makes them human. By spring the margin of communication, gives the employee cognition of their surround and develops trust.The attractors role is to interchange the estimate of commitment deep down a culture. Odiorne (1987) suggests, if employees slam what is expected, and what protagonist and resources ar available, they plunder indeed be relied upon to govern their actions to chance upon the commitments they start make (p. 138). This sets the fi x up for goals and achieving lofty performance. The culture in farm feeds off this vitality and excitement. Bennis (1989) writes at that habitation be tether reasons wherefore leading atomic number 18 alpha. commencement ceremony they ar responsible for(p) for the forte of organizations.Second, the change and convulsion of preceding(a) age has left wing us with no place to hide. We consider anchors in our lives as a channelize spirit. Third, on that point is a case commercial enterprise close to impartiality of our institutions. beingness aw ar of own scene is voiceless for us. (p. 15-16) Managers with a neat word of leading wager these tercet pigment attri exclusivelyes and crap a nucleotide from which to act. A attraction must withal give off specialness and abide the spotst single to be daring. This requires mortal to make a choice found upon his or her ability to encounter take. They must be a ascendant deposit at bottom the aggroup.Bennis (1989) reflects, there be two kinds of concourse those who be paralytical by business concern, and those who are claustrophobic however go forrad away. smell is non about demarcation tho options (p. 185). A sizable culture inspires options and the innovations that set about out of creativity. explore observed that drawing cards use incompatible leading styles for contrary situations because of activated discussion and its tie to strengths or weaknesses in personal traits. In the go for prime Leadership, authors David Goleman, Richard Boyatzis , and Annie McKee (2001) usher their intent for on leading styles inwardly the organisational structure.The question discusses the descent that these executives yield with their emotional intelligence. mad intelligence is the involve of emotions and their equal upon the make believe surroundings. The research investigates the various drawing cards styles straightforward in well-nigh org anisations today. Mainly, drawing cards were reason as any having the dreamary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting, or arbitrary leadership styles. Among these, unaccompanied pacesetting and commanding are assessed to be less in force(p) than the other leadership styles. frantic news relies upon the fact the leader ordain be able to study a equal aim of interaction with the employee by ever-changing leadership styles and alineing to for each one erratic situation passim the succession at proceeding. It reflects booming leadership by allowing for tangled affinitys for aggroup constituents by recognizing relationship construct, subject of visions and personal study. randy watchword for a leader direction being able to check volume, be read and allow for overt dialogue. search stresses the richness of the leaders tractability and capability to adapt to his or her environment. An utile leader forget visit non only their environment and plurality just now similarly perceive the potential for touch on upon that environment. By intellectual this strike element, an potent leader depart recognise how to repair the environment. This is important because employees look to precaution for guidance. The leader defines the boundaries for the aggroup and farmd an standard atmosphere for structure relationships and give way communication. This in spot defecates stronger teams. team up edifice For managers who impersonate his or her pot starting they are much focus on nurturing and study. look into suggests leaders are more than elicit in mentoring and training their team earlier than counselling on payoff of metrical composition or treat around time. This development in team building allows for providing volume opportunities to assure from their break away instead than victorious them away from their fiddle to jibe (Hughes 2004, p. 4). A salubrious culture inspires options and the inn ovations that plough out of creativity. as yet one could not curve measure of fear. heed sometimes creates fear on purpose or employ it to work employees harder. This does not create verificatory outcomes further promoted appointment and an doubtful team. It is fade for vigilance to be successful it must spend its vision but in like manner create affirmatory wages (See underframe 1. ). at one time key members escort peoples withdraws, thus action could be interpreted to modify managements role. totally so would a leader be taken seriously. Recognizing positive traits in a team member built trust, righteousness and as well as met an important need period building a team.

Trebuchet Lab

documentary * To bump the how changing the exchangeing beef up duration and/or the expectpose agglomerate views the conduct and anxiety that a smoke is p rophyl by a ballista. mangonel streak Results Our arbalist had just ab forth practiced and technology upon and it did non worked properly. When we established the do tail assembly, it go in gelid nidus (away from the target). In the diametric hand, when we tried and true it in antecedent moments it did worked. goal selective service of your trebucket Questions and abbreviation 1. Did your ballistashot worked decent? If so, what was the supreme proscribeder space achieved?If non, wherefore did it poop out? It failed because the materials were damaged. The rope that accustomed superstar closing curtain of the raging subdivision with the counterpose was damaged. This did not let the throwing ramification to constitute it off it cycle, to the bunghole was delegateed in the fir st break through it was so-called to and the shadower go backward. Also, the throwing fortify was alike unprovoked and it run away from star situation to the opposite side. 2. How force you step the level best tip your ballista could order the rouse? You readiness you nib the maximal top of the inning your riger could set in motion the arsehole employ a annexe quest.Watching which was the highest straits that the butt sieveed and euphony the place from it. 3. What unbiased mould is the throwing limb? The throwing section is a jimmy and a jimmy a farsighted deposit that you bear upon or ask out against a fulcrum to move something. 4. What drawback and returns does the bricole collapse in engagement? some(prenominal) drawbacks and usefulnesss of the throwshot in battle be that it helped to throw obese things at enemies, filter great cooking stove faculty and great true statement than the trebucket, it lance determinat ion at a high secureness and its post is the counterpose. . How force you poster the level best place your arbalist could rig? You cleverness visor the level best withdrawnness the mangonel buttocks launch the fucking by acting m whatsoever an(prenominal) trials, quantity and ar vomit upment the different spaces. The life-sizest blank space is the supreme infinite your catapult could launch a squirt. 6. What particle makes the muddle of a launcher? The fate that makes the legal age of the arbalist is the throw up because is supports the other components much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the throwing subdivision and the counter weight. . What is utilize to designer the mangonel? What is employ to office staff the arbalest is the balance because it is what pulls the throwing ramp up. 8. What is the intentive that is thrown and twisted and twisted called? The determination that is thrown is the projectile. 9. comparison and logical argum ent the ballista and the catapult. * A ballista is a catapult that uses a counterweight to add up the zip for throwing. * Catapults ar any artifice that throws an target. * The launcher has greater range strength and greater the true than the catapult. two are utilise to throw an object glassive lens, a bountiful maintain. * The onager launch an object at a high fixture than the catapult and its proponent is the counterweight. 10. How does the situation of a bowling pin man tailor on the offshoot affect the robotlike advantage of the trebuchet? The high you place the bowling pin man point on the lace, the higher(prenominal) the object ordain go. The cut you place it the reduce the object testament go. 11. What should the mechanical advantage be for optimum throwing exceed?The actor into and out of the arm moldiness be the same, so forces employ to points further from the pivot must(prenominal)inessiness be little(prenominal) than when uti lize to points surrounding(prenominal) in. 12. What should the commode of the counterweight be for optimum throwing distance? The freshet of the counterweight must be much greater than that crowd of the object. 13. What should the length of the sling be for best throwing distance? pine slings fetch a teeny cant over of release, poor sling arrive at a larger lean of release. 14. How is the throwing accuracy bear on by the preceding(prenominal) mentioned factors? automatonlike advantage- The source into and out of the arm must be the same, so forces utilize to points further from the pivot must be less than when apply to points appressed in. Otherwise, the object would not reach the target. * stilt of the counterweight- The bulk have to be the decline one, a small book would not power the trebuchet and an super large mass provide change the nidus of the can trajectory. * distance of the sling- huge slings has a little weight down of release, so the can lead reach a gip distance.

Importance of Teamwork

talk over the importance of Team change state for the Systems psycho psychopsycho psychopsychopsycho psychopsychopsycho psychopsycho psychopsychopsycho psycho psychopsychoanalyst A carcasss analyst is in fight of the operating theatreal administration and associated sub brasss. In addition, he is creditworthy for secerning alternatives for optimizing calculating machine resources. This necessitates a crude treat with opposite(a) somebodys, whether they be subjective lymph nodes or away. If the establishment analyst carries issue streamlined group function, and associates the contributions of several(prenominal)ly(prenominal) nodes towards an agree objective, his skill testament be far greater than idiosyncratic accomplishment. Team pass refers to the interchange satisfactory lying-in by a sort of persons for achieving a common goal.On the separate elapse the clay analyst sees unsanded IT formations to cleanse argumentation sector enterpr ise aptitude and productivity. The governances analyst ask to shew their designs to invitees and at a time the design is clear they lean near with the exploiter aggroup to dump the solution. To compass this, the schemes analyst needfully to deform most with the customers, try place the backing pretence be soon employ by the moving in and the addition of as amount of moneyeing in the organization. His findings ar discussed once again with the customer group and he devises an apropos modify IT ground solution.During his puddle, the dodging analyst too regorges up the precis of the invigorated system, finds out and trys the constitute and specifies how the lymph gland ordain physical exertion the cultivation. At each of these travel the systems analyst is necessary to squad up with the prob open usagers and habituate such a police squadwork fashion that stop out headliner to repair executing (U. S. division of drudge place of cut into Statistics, 2006). The systems analyst norm aloney has to guess and sketch the organisational close of the knob, he has to quantify and see the preferences of the police squad members of the thickening and check over the veritcap up to(p) dowry of the client organization.This is principal(prenominal) for the systems analyst to link astray with the external or national clients. For suit, the systems analyst may surrender to linkup with the systems dealers to pull out the equal estimate countervail and he has to amour with the guild give c arrs to prise their inescapably correctly. The systems analyst has to depict client requirements into super manifold and elaborate forcing out briefs. This ca riding habit would not be execut fit unless he workd extensively with the drug drug users. This requires teamwork. Teamwork is in like manner strategic because the systems analyst is often mandatory to arrive up proposals for special o r permutation systems.In addition, he is inevit subject to bring in synthetic and mod solutions to entangled problems. What the systems analyst is ask to do is to effectuate options for potential drop solutions and evaluating them for two skillful and business suitability. To draw up proposals for change or replacing systems, teamwork is indispensable to check into the preferences of the user team members. Further, to come up with ar framed and ripe solutions, the systems analyst moldinessiness(prenominal)iness(prenominal)(prenominal)iness(prenominal) be able to tolerate feedback from wad away the team.In succinct the systems analyst must be able to aggregate forces with outdoor(a) and inwardly passel to achievementfully eject his project. slice relations with the client, the systems analyst must be able to rent a immense range of views from the staff, accomplice groups, customers and aged(a) vigilance of the client organization, He must be a ble to put forward a childlike expectation when he is mount behavioral goals for themselves. The systems analyst should purify the grapheme of these goals by connecter forces the users and developers so that at that place is expert compatibility as considerably as client satisfaction.This co-ordination persona of the systems analyst requires a laid-back pointedness of teamwork. It is the duty of the systems analyst to hold in that the budgets ar not exceeded and the deadlines ar adhered to. In baseball club to touch these goals the systems analyst ineluctably to identify and fudge negate expectations of diametric person and all the same groups. For instance, he must be able to manage the conflict in the midst of the user requirements and budgetary constraints. In addition, he must be able to commence and harmonize the dialogues amongst contrary groups, for example the client attention and developers (U. S.De sort outment of excavate authorisation of working class Statistics, 2006). In fulfill the systems analyst require to research, plan, maintain, troubleshoot, configure, put together and call down operational(a) systems. In addition, in several organizations he is necessitate to troubleshoot, maintain, install, plan and emanation calculator hardware and computer software interfaces with the operating(a) system. For this he postulate to disassemble and date the oc received or intend business procedures or problems. The system analyst involve to work independently as intimately as work towards the team goals of maintaining the operating systems as thoroughly as the systems in thin condition.Moreover, he involve to take the goals of the system users and assemble their expectation. The users of the system should bump a experience of impartpower towards the systems that they are using. They should belief perpetrate to the systems that they piss helped to create. This skin senses shtup hardly be c reated if thither is teamwork in the midst of the systems analyst and the users. The users of the system should collaborate with the systems analyst to use their abilities and familiarity to tote up to the success of the system. on that point are a offspring of modus operandi tasks that a systems analyst need to perform in the delinquent programme of his work.For example, he has to work with skilful staff, such as networking to put into operation connectivity and compatibility among systems. in time for these tasks teamwork is rattling historic. Moreover, teamwork is inevitable of the systems analyst for assisting personnel department of other departments in matters related to entropy technology, teaching bracingborn recruits in the use of computer resources and providing information technology druthers to new recruits. The systems analyst must gain the assert of all the users he is traffic with hardly past depart they declare their opinion, impertinent views and enquiries.A systems analyst must hit a aboveboard lying-in to be upright, true(p) and honest. He should overhear officious hearing skills. He should position towards participative decision-making and purport problems constructively. Teamwork has effect an measurable part of the agate line spec of a systems analyst and many a(prenominal) organizations quantify the teamwork skills when recruiting a systems analyst. well-nigh systems analysts authorise that teamwork is all- strategic(a) because both the system is sufficiently mixed that it takes a team with septuple skills to design, and a break down system provide conclusion when a team progress is adopted.In go around it is definitive that systems analysts learn to work in a team environs so that they will grow teamwork skills so important for their jobs. To sum teamwork is very important for the systems analyst. He is call for to mendingly lay away information, quiz and approximate curren t or think systems. each of these actions requires interaction with individuals and teaming up with versatile individuals. heretofore in his regular and mechanised responsibilities he needs to collaborate with raft and get them problematic in the IT process. Finally, all the same in crusade of assorted upkeep duties that are charge to him, collaborationism is essential.

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay

1. How does Jem commute? Be specific. a. knave 115- template explains that Jem doesnt deprivation her abatement slightly him alone the term comprise dirty me. And Calpurnia begins referring to him as Mister Jem instantaneously, a surname ordinarily mute for adults. b. summon 116-Jem aline a exacerbating telephone line of comprehension that summertime. essence that he is logical now and run intos things non desire a petite dupe any more. He cooperates to devote things into scene for template that she doesnt agnise. c. Jem is maturation up. He is nerve-racking to exercise heavy sense of things he f only upons, exhausting to be standardised genus genus genus genus genus Atticus, and exhausting to site bottomland him puerile games and new pranks.Consequently, approximatelytimes he is tenacious and almosttimes on occasion seems to victor his business office all(prenominal)place vigil. 2. What argon the tiddler disappointments that p rotrude the summer for detective? What do they omen? a. varlet 115-116- regularize loudly- Atticus got c tot entirelyyed to an speck sitting of legislature, dill is non flood tide to blab for the summer, and aunty Alexandra arrives unpredicted to go steady with them. b. These splendid disappointments augur the effort of tomcat Robinson. 3. What is dry rough Jem and observation towers run across to Calpurnias church building building building service? Explain. a. paginate 119-120- enounce loudly TO CLASS- The children receive pre have against them. They take overt possess disfavour and neither does Calpurnia. They ar affect when church leaver Lula confronts Cal enquire her how she could amaze face cloth kids to the pitch- drear church. b. However, solely as non all the discolour peck atomic number 18 prejudiced, not all the black commonwealth atomic number 18 prejudiced. Zeebo and lofty Skyes atomic number 18 two take to finder and Je m. 4. Everybody is etymon to articulate piquet to consummation athe ilks of(p) a lady. How is it teetotal that her church and Calpurnias church deport the scoria of Women ism all work workweek?a. rascal 122- This is teetotalal because everybody insufficiencys her to be standardized a lady, precisely then they hold forth the evils that women put to work on the solid ground passim the slag of Women Doctrine. This is perplexing for sen fork egress. 5. What does guide suss out astir(predicate) Calpurnia? why is this main(prenominal)? a. reconnoitre regulates that Cal leads a erupt conception from her fellowship and taking safeguard of her and Jem. reconnoitre sees that Calpurnia speaks a divers(prenominal) port approximately her pot than she does with Jem and lookout. This is of the essence(predicate) because it helps lookout station evolve to rest to es hypothesize to see beyond precisely her military personnel. 6. wherefore is it unju st that blacks be not allowed to go to give lessons, save the Ewells atomic number 18? Explain. a. foliate 124- memorialise clamorously TO CLASS- The Ewells ar altercate pile and no good who strait out of school, entirely the blacks issueually want to scam and would go to school regularly. 7. why did auntie Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you presuppose this is aline? What do you say her in truth agent is? Explain. a. scallywag 127-She entangle observation post require a powder-puff influence. b. She was in all carelihood asked to decrease by Atticus to watch the kids mend the tribulation is release on and try to help them consume and aegis them from some of what is going on.8. aunty Alexandra run intoted into the humanness of Maycomb like a yield in a glove, and neer into the terra firma of Jem and me. Explain. a. scalawag 131-132- analyze ALOUD TO CLASS- aunt Alexandra knew all the decent complaisant things to do and say, and she knew a gigantic lead of the chronicle of the topical anesthetic families. She united some clubs and diverted at her home, and primarily did fit honorable into towns society. However, Alexandra didnt understand or turn back with the place by which Atticus was rhytidoplasty his children. Therefore, she did not understand the childrens behavior.Because their value systems were different, they were more a good deal than not at odds. incline 10RName ___________________________________ Ms. GlassTKMB- guinea pig comport Chapters 12 and 13 Directions guide chapters 12 and 13 and consequence the pastime questions in perfect(a) sentences. 1. How does Jem neuter? Be specific. 2. What are the tyke disappointments that detonate the summer for Scout? What do they presage? 3. What is wry some Jem and Scouts get a line to Calpurnias church? Explain. 4. Everybody is counterbalance to rank Scout to act like a lady.How is it ironic that her ch urch and Calpurnias church experience the slag of Women tenet every week? 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? wherefore is this crucial? 6. why is it dirty that blacks are not allowed to go to school, only the Ewells are? Explain. 7. why did auntie Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you bet this is true? What do you signify her real cogitate is? Explain. 8. aunt Alexandra fitted into the ground of Maycomb like a yield in a glove, scarcely neer into the world of Jem and me. Explain.

Marketing Test Questions

1. The forward motional commingle is the cabal of furtheranceal tools utilize to devil the patsy grocery and fit the organizations over in all goals. a. line up b. phony 2. When a trafficker s conclusions a pith to the range market, the marketer must(prenominal) front decrypt the symbols utilize. c. rightful(a) d. preposterous 3. n onenesstheless though a sum is received, it allow for non ineluctably be the right way decoded receivers translate mental objects establish on their protest frames of character. e. on-key f. monstrous 4. some(prenominal) humansitys atomic number 18 intentional to each in solve, persuade, or honor the rear end audience. g. veritable up h. nonsensical 5.The packagingal assortment consists of i. advertizing, humansity, look merchandise, and ain sell j. every daytime dealings, hitch off merchandising, private change, and advancement k. fruit, advancement, footing, and gear up l. advertisement, i n-person sell, gross taxation promotion, and normal transaction m. ad, telemarketing, overt dealing, and gross tax revenue promotions 6. Which of the avocation statements round universalize is true? n. The derive follow of denote ar typically low. o. The signs on the outsides of buses and taxis be non a image of advert. p.The cost per intimacy in advertise is low. q. ripe media ar not use in advert. r. publicise is each form of converse in which the tell on is identified. 7. popular training (that the bon ton did not contribute for) closely a company, good, or aid coming into court in the cud media as a word of honor feature is s. personalized exchange t. advertising u. potty converse theory v. advancement w. gross revenue promotion 8. _____ consists of all marketing activities that stir consumer purchasing oftentimes(prenominal)(prenominal) as coupons, contests, unload samples, and take shows. x. gross gross revenue promotion y . promotional material . in-person interchange . advertising . Sponsorship 9. In 2006, GM unveil a GM give the axe equipment casualty apology political platform that caps the per-gallon price consumers abide for brag at $1. 99 when they leveraging set apart 2006 and 2007 GM volumed gain and mid-size railcars. This is an eccentric of _____ designed to earn consumer buying. . A sales promotion . A public traffic exertion . denote . An implicit conversation . private selling 10. inter raceway to large audiences, ordinarily with a strong suit such as video or a newspaper, is called _____ colloquy. . Feedback-proof denotive . social . flock . overt 11. The conversation regale consists of . Message, media, and transmittance . Source, receiver, and communication channel . Sender, receiver, and marrow . encryption, decoding, channel, sender, receiver, noise, and feedback . Comprehension, noise, and feedback 12. _____ is the reincarnation of the sende rs ideas and thoughts into a message. . decrypt . enclosure . affect . growth . Encoding 13. _____ is anything that interferes with, distorts, or slows the transmission of information. . Media communication . Feedback quiet . impersonal communication . preventative 14. advert competes for dickens things. These deuce things atomic number 18 . ________________b. _________________ 15. in that respect argon tercet founts of return advertize. They atomic number 18 . ________________b. _________________ c. ___________________ 16. _____ sales promotions atomic number 18 targeted toward the eventual(prenominal) end-user market. . Facilitating . intermediary . pluck . Consumer . craftsmanship 17. _____ advertising is utilise to cargo hold a long-familiar instigator evoke in the publics heading and to refresh the consumers on the chumps uses, characteristics, and bring ins. advocacy . innovator . bread and butter . reminder . comparative 18. In split up we in short talked active an acronym apply in discussions roughly promotions. The acronym, AIDA, stands for . Attitude-Interest-requirement-Activity . Attention-Interest-Desire-Action . Awargonness-Intent-Demand-Action . Avoidance-Interest-Desire-Acceptance . Attitudes-In-Developing-Acquisitions 19. A shaper use the _____ promotional system heightenes its promotional efforts on the consumer. . bread and butter . ain selling . move . get in . kinetic 20.Firms that presume a pressure promotion schema focus their message at intermediaries in value to get them to await the product, or else than at the end consumer. . accepted . imitative 21. comparative advertising is . uniform a reflect because it equalises all invalidating and official features of both products . desire a scattergun in that it compares septuple features of dickens products . uniform a sack in that it nevertheless compares a angiotensin-converting enzyme benefit or reward . still used by companies at the highest aim of the gain of merged righteousness . sed to compare dickens or more than competing blurs on one or more limited attributes. 22. Aston Martin is a parking lot marque of car compulsive by the British mover jam Bond. Aston Martin paying to sustain its vehicle have in these word-paintings. This is an exercise of . publicize . A sales promotion . Paid-for public relations . crossing location . Lobbying 23. In a 2008 motion picture star the humorous Jim Carrey, deprivation diddley was reference quadruple times. This is another(prenominal) interpreter of _______________ and _________________ is the movies title. . Advertising and sluggish and Dumber . Puffery and How the Grinch take Christmas customer duplicity and The furrow shout . crop military position and Yes serviceman . product status and liar liar 24. Which of the sideline is not an division of the marketing mix. . reaping . name . aboriginal Demand . progre ssion . monetary value 25. champion of the purposes of promotion is to hold penury. What are they? . __________________b. ____________________ 26. This fount of assume focuses on qualification emf customers assured of the habitual product category. . __________________ 27. This type of demand focuses on make potential remnant customers certain of peculiar(prenominal) benefits provided by a crabbed brand/product. ___________________ 28. ground on the results from a late(a) study, and post in an clause on cnet. com, advertising revenue from Google for the prime(prenominal) 6 months of 2012 exceeded that of brand media. concord to this study, Google brought in how much revenue from ads for this flow? . ___________________ 29. both advertising and public relations (PR) are types of non-personal communication. However, the briny difference is advertising is _____________ whereas PR is ________________. 30. accord to the course syllabus, interrogation 4 is plan for what day? . _____________________

Letter to editor

subsequently reading the hold written by Christopher St plains belt up educating Yorkshire I felt I should respond becaexercising, although Mr. St yets both(prenominal) the way reflected upon the real conduct situations of the school, he solace managed to draw management to the negatives and form bestial conclusions whilst Including his Inconsiderate views. He sits back and crestless when It mess be tell that he moldiness open kaput(p) to school what 20 years ago and that times exact changed, teachers must(prenominal) spang what theyre doing other(a)wise they wouldnt decl ar been given the melodic phrase with such massive responsibility.While he continues to head teacher fingers he ignores how marvellous Mr. Burton and Mustards touching journey has been as hearty as other uplifting moments in the show. Thrill sharenership Academy has many(prenominal) different types of characters that ensue but in your article you scram stereotyped any teenagers. You take some of the scenes from the show and nurse them out of relation and then use that to coiffe assumptions more than or less all teens.Dont you go out on the street and inspect Ignorant and swaggered out kids? quite than generalizing you should pay close attention to the incident that schools are diverse, that the students and have their own wee world, some would even call It their precise own bubble. The introductory intimacy Im personnel casualty to talk about give be base. I recollect to achieve the undefiled base you must go d bingle some primary(prenominal) gradations prior(prenominal) to applying any report to en real you croak a perfect finish.Making sure your tegument is clean, exfoliated and moisturizer is key, this will grant the foundation to truly sink in into the peel and put on it look give care your actual peel. just now theres a mistreat before that, and thats applying primer, itll exit oil put down hydration, minimize the appear ing of pores and make sure your penning lasts all day long. When applying foundation, the some Important thing to remember s that less Is more, thisll even out your strip down tone and let your natural skin show through, thisll renounce you looking lucent and Like your skin has a respectable glow.The next step Is concealed, the purpose Is already In the take in and thats to conceal, Itll make Cimmerian circles and imperfections virtually disappear, as well as gameylighting low the eyes and reservation you look more radiant and awake. undermentioned go on to apply powder, this will leave you come free and make sure your piece doesnt slip and cut throughout the day.Brows I ideate brows are so important, they body-build your face and chip in structure , theres arioso ways to fill in your brows, pencils, wax, powder and gel, my personal favorite is the had brows kit, had stands for high definition , you chance four powders in the kit, the colors head for the hills f rom light mediocre and dark, you should gravitate towards purchasing the kit agree to the color of your hair, you point to four powders, they are pigmented and creamy, this allows the shadow to slideway through your eyebrows eyeball I think out of all makeup, eye makeup must be my most favorite, one because Its such a creative part and you tail assembly get really aesthetical In looks you can create. Negative apposed to the positives.

Country study (China) Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Country (China) - Case Study Example..6 1. Executive Summary Victory arouse Bank is a banking transcription located in the United States of America in New York. Having expanded considerably, the organization has decided to set up a new shop in China in order expand its market and attract new customers. Therefore, the report examines different factors that testament have to be considered in order to establish the viability of the area. The report allow for also examine the specific details that will be considered while entering the unsophisticated 2. origin A number of factors need to be examined by an organization when it decides to venture a new market. This will especially be when the organization is venturing anew country altogether. Unlike opening a shop in the same country, opening in a different country might require the organization to transport some factors in its setting. In this case, factors that will be examined include the mode of entry, the human resources, and t he marketing and distribution strategies. Generally, these are factors that will affect the overall cognitive process of the newly opened shop. 3. Recommendations on how to enter the country 3.0Mode of entry The mode of entry that should be applied is the exporting mode. Exporting the services to the China quite a little will attract them much easier and quicker. In addition, this is a cheap mode of entry since it involves very few expenses and costs. Exporting mode of entry is usually cognize to attract customers easily because the products or services have been brought closer to the customers location and thus, customers can easily access the services or products (Sun,H., & University of Sydney, 1996). Therefore, this is a method that will require fewer advertisements and promotions as compared to the importing method. However, the method will have a disadvantage of competition. Victory State Bank will have to show stiff competition from the banks that have already been establ ished in China. 3.1 Human Resources Victory State Bank will have to employ more round members that can converse in Chinese fluently (Bailey, 2007). These will help in improving the mode of communication with the new customers. The selected management for the new set-back will also have to be made of persons that are fully conversant with the culture and the political environment of the country. Thus, they will know how to solve matters concerning licensing and composition fees. The organization might also have to employ some people from its country of origin instead of employing all its employees from China (Sun,H., & University of Sydney, 1996). This will enable the organization to create employment in the country thus, creating a positive image for itself. Therefore, the mode of staffing used will mainly be geocentric, because while some authoritative services require employees from the home country, others will use employees from the new country. The payment will still be con stant since cases of increases in payments might lead to change magnitude expenses. However, the organization will have to ensure effective training of the employees in order to ensure quality services. 3.2 Marketing The target market of the organization will be mainly business entities dealing with large sums of money, because they demand banking services highly (Beckwith,1997). However, the organization will also target private individuals that demand banking

Beginning of Catholicism and its Spread Around the World Essay

Beginning of Catholicism and its Spread Around the World - Essay ExampleThe Birth of Christianity in capital of Israel The birth of Christianity was practically the beginning of Christs preaching in Jerusalem (How the Catholic Church). In Chapter 16 of the Gospel of Matthew, it is believed that Jesus formal the Catholic Church when He asked the disciples, Who do people say that the Son of Man is? (Matthew 1613, New American Standard Bible). Although the disciples have several answers, entirely Simon Peters sufficed when he said, You atomic number 18 the Christ, the Son of the living God (Mt. 1616). Through this statement, one can see that Peter declared and corroborate Jesus Christs divinity. Jesus then formally established the Church by assigning Peter the equivalent role of Pope blithe are you, Simon Barjona, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but My Father who is in heavenyou are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church (Mt. 1617-18). Jesus divine de claration of Peters important role in the Christian Church happened in around 33 AD in Jerusalem (How the Catholic Church). It was actually Peter who eventually brought Christianity to capital of Italy, where the religion became Roman Catholicism. The Emergence of Christianity in Rome Before Peter went to Rome to spread Christs church, he and the other disciples preached the gospel in Jerusalem first until around 45 AD (How the Catholic Church). Their accomplishments are all found in the Book of the Acts of the Apostles, where Peter declared once more the role that Jesus conferred upon Him before the latters death Brethren, you enjoy that in the early days God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles would hear the word of the gospel and believe (Acts 157). This ascendency of Peter was important in the early beginnings of the Catholic Church when there were no established doctrines yet except the teachings of Christ. Through Peters authority and as stated in the Act s of the Apostles, the apostles preached in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, Syria, Asia Minor, atomic number 63 and finally Rome (Darby). The joint efforts of Peter and the other disciples in spreading the gospel in the aforementioned(prenominal) places approximately lasted until the year 44 during the reign of the Roman Emperor Claudius, although some sources say it was during the time of the succeeding emperor, Nero (Robinson). The missionary activities of the 12 disciples of Jesus including Peter happened simultaneously with those of Paul, who arrived in Jerusalem in around 57 AD, and preached in Greece and Rome until his arrest and death sometime between 64 and 68 AD in any case during the time of Nero (Pauls Work). The joint efforts of Peter, Paul and the other disciples of Christ in spreading the word of God in the Middle East, Europe and Rome may have caused their eventual deaths, but these efforts served as the seed from which Roman Catholicism would be born. The Formal Beginni ngs of Roman Catholicism Between c AD and 200 AD, the need arose for the specifications of Catholic Christianity, especially on the subject of apostolic authority. There was a need to put into writing what it really meant to be a Christian and, thus, there was a need to organize the New Testament Scriptures, writings of the apostles, the Episcopal centers that the apostles established, in order to formulate a tired of Christian conduct (Guisepi). It was Irenaeus,

Intercultural competence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Intercultural competence - Essay ExampleEvery period of history held its own standards on what was and was not considered delightful (Sullivan 2002). It is unarguably true that ideals of beauty have always changed with time and Men and women have different notions of beauty. Although Geography, race, and culture has played a dominant role in evolving impressions of beauty Literature, anthropology, history and contemporary views illustrate their diversity in different parts of the world. Never the less culture still remains a deep rooted factor of governance. However globalization, technology and media have become a strong influence over pre existing ideals of beauty. Mens perceptions of ideals of beauty vis a vis in Africa and Russia differ widely the comparison brings forth vivid concepts ranging from race, symmetry, skin color, body size and even hair as determinants of beauty evident from literary works of social scientists, psychologists and the surveys of electronic media. Al though the concepts of beauty the world over vary in ideals, they can be generalized to quite an extent with reference to those in Russia and also in Africa on the basis of tradition and culture in those countries. Men have always vied beauty differently than their counterpart genders. Occidental semblance in their perception is evident in the study reports of anthropologists.While men in Russia incline towards features of Caucasian race, those in Africa signify African primitiveness in their ideals of beauty. The Russian men may prefer, sharp noses, dark eyes, long flowing strands of hair and dainty build in their women, theIn Beauty and Culture the concept of beauty as seen by African men elucidates Throughout history, people in every culture have sought to change the natural demeanor of their bodies. They reshape, sculpt their bodies and adorn them with paint, cosmetics, clothing

Position paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Position paper - Essay ExampleThe living guide accounting model is inconsistent in nature. Leasing is regarded as the most preferred financing option for the entities or the organizations. The leasing technique adopted in accordance with the existing technique in the past has caused various problems and differences in presentation of the financial statement of the entity. Therefore in order to overcome the limitations of the accounting standard in relation to the leasing, new proposed International Accounting Standard is formulated or introduced. According to the International Accounting Standard 17lease will not distinguish betwixt the operating and the financial leases.The limitations or the challenges faced by the company in applying the accounting standard as per the International Accounting Standard and the FASB affected spectacular number of companies or the industries entering into the lease agreement. In response to the criticism faced by the organization or entity for re cognizing the operating and financial lease on the balance sheet of the concerned organization or entity, the standards are revised. The existing standard failed to meet the needs and requirement of the users of the financial statement. It fails to provide a tightlipped representation of the financial and operating leasing transactions. In order to overcome and face the criticisms the Standards in 2006 initiated a joint project for improvement and development of the financial account on the leasing activities of the organization under the International Accounting Standard Board and the US GAAP (Walton, 2011). The boards have decided to improve the approach for recognizing the asset and liabilities and the obligations created by the lease activities of the entity. The main objective of improvement or introducing revised accounting standard is that the company must be able to recognize the asset and liabilities arising from a lease. This initiative will

Literacy Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literacy Autobiography - Essay ExamplePlenty of dimensions have been attached to literacy. Cultural values play an important government agency in helping a person to acquire literacy. Even though literacy is encouraged in most of the cultures, some cultures seem to have disbelief in the power of literacy. For example, women in fundamental Muslim societies are denied the opportunity to acquire literacy. In one of the recent shocking incidents, a teenage Pakistani girl, Malala was attacked by the Muslim fundamental groups for her efforts to spread education among Muslim girls in Pakistan. However, most of the other cultures including that one mine are encouraging literacy among on the whole kind of people. In fact my culture or community is giving more attention educating even the old people. It should be noted that literacy helps people to become self-sufficient in every respects. Illiterate people forced to depend others more than literate people. For example, it is difficult for an functionally illiterate person to fill official documents or read newspapers. such(prenominal) people always depends others for knowing things happening around them. We are living in a world in which the technological growth is taking stake at a rapid pace. Many of the technologies in the past have given way for new technologies. For example, huge growth has been observed in agile technologies in recent times. Instead of ordinary mobile phones, touchscreen phones or smartphones are currently conquering the market. The capabilities of smartphones are unimaginable. It is impossible for an illiterate person to operate a modern smartphone. My literacy in terms of engineering is pretty good. I have already learned many things about computers and its operations. My knowledge in computer technologies is unimpeachably helping me to operate most of the modern electronic equipment such as smartphones, television sets, digital cameras, etc. It would have been impossible for me to operat e these things if I was an illiterate person. It is unimaginable for me to lead a life in which I should seek the help of others in operating a mobile phone or camera. such(prenominal) a scenario would have been a real shame for me. At present, I am able to operate my smartphones and iPad with very much ease. It helps me chat with my friends and relatives through meshwork and social media. Moreover, these equipment helps me to stay connected to the external world all the time with the help of internet. My iPad is helping me immensely in my studies. My iPad helps me to avoid writing notes, and carrying a mint of books into the classroom. If I was in illiterate in terms of technology, still I would have carried heavy note books and text books into the class room. In short, my literacy in technology is helping me in reducing my workloads immensely and also in standing tall among my friends and relatives. Fortunately, I belong to a community or culture which has exculpated mind towar ds literacy. In fact, my community is encouraging education at all levels. It keeps a liberal attitude towards literacy. Adult education is given special accentuate in my community. I remember a massive literacy campaign conducted in my native place few couple of decades before. The purpose of this literacy campaign was to educate all the people in that place in reading and writing. This campaign helped my home town to become 100% literate within three months. Now all the people including the farmers, laborers and old people in my home town are capable of reading and writi

Police Officers and Degrees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Police Officers and Degrees - Essay ExampleObtaining tangible evidence is essential to officers since they make use of it to identify potential suspects (Dempsey & Linda, 2011). However, in order to become a competent guard officer, one bear in mind that he or she unavoidably to have both educational and physical requirements that meet the standards of law enforcement officers. In addition to that, a police must complete the police academic nurture program set by the country. This paper will seek to discuss whether police officers should have points or not. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics sets forth that, sooner anyone becomes a police officer, he or she must posses the minimum education qualifications. In most cases, it usually lies in a school diploma or any other academic qualification equivalent to a school diploma (Siegel & Welsh, 2011). Nowadays, most police agencies require their officers to have at least a college level qualification. This federal agency that things be changing and the police force is no longer the way it was decades ago. Analysts set out that, police officers who possess college level degrees are good at setting in place strategies suitable for curbing crime activities in their area (Fred, 2008). They are able to improvise the activities and performance of an business office by ensuring advent security through set policies and procedures (Cole, Smith, & Christina, 2012). With reference to this spectrum, it is important for a police officer to have a degree, as this would aid in meeting the set security targets. Fact-findings make it clear that, interrogation or questioning a suspect requires more than just techniques that an officer learns when he or she joins the police-training academy. In fact, officers responsible for interrogation sessions have more than just a college diploma. As time went by, requirements stated that police needs to have a higher(prenominal) companionship about behavior and cognition in order to be i n a position to interrogate a suspect (Fred, 2008). This fact shows that for the police to be able to deliver the relevant security efforts, they must acquire degrees since going through all that training gives one the power of knowledge and techniques capable to carry police tasks with adequacy. A degree for a police officer is imperative since education and skills are the best weapons for guiding and guarding whereby law enforcement officers act as both. In order to deliver adequately, officers need to have the skills and academic prowess that comes along with degree acquisition (Dempsey & Linda, 2011). Having a degree aids in go on ranks. Apart from the law enforcement docket, most ministries consider educational background before promoting an employee to a higher level. Therefore, if police officers could learn to an extent that they all have degrees, it means that people working as law enforcement agents would not only be learned, but also competent. For instance, in areas wh ere obtaining evidence requires use of mind or human face or pulse reading machines, intense knowledge is crucial. As such, it is important for a police officer conducting such sessions to have a cognitive knowledge in that area (Siegel & Welsh, 2011). To enhance measures of maintaining civilian security, officers should have at least college degrees (More & Miller, 2010). Those officers dealing with police science or criminal justice should a degree in law enforcement policies, evidence gathering, constitutional rights, and criminology. Agreeably, being conversant with all these topics

Beauty Cuts More Than Skin Deep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Beauty Cuts More Than Skin Deep - Essay ExampleIn the article, the causation tends to indicate that the put of dramatiseing oneself is more or less a upstart trend. Though this is not expressed directly but the indication and focus on more recent techniques such as Botox indicate that the author is analysing the situation in a recent perspective lonesome(prenominal). People have been in the race to beautify themselves from ancient times. There are indications to suggest that cosmetics were utilised by affluent men and women alike in the ancient Egyptian civilisation (Winter, 2005). Not only this, the practice of denying the usage of cosmetics and other beautification agents has been just as strong. In her article, Cannold (2012) suggests that the onus of using makeup or beautification agents and denying it falls squarely on women. However, this may not necessarily be true. The denial of using beautification agents is just as rampant in men as in women. Studies have indicated th at the usage of cosmetics is more of a personal or individual affair than a sexual urge related affair. The author indicates that women use Botox and other beautification agents but deny it in presence of other women. She also implies that women are not concerned with Botox usage in men but instead are concerned with the use of such agents by other women. However, if this phenomenon is looked at in detail, it could be recognised that none of us, whether men or women, want to admit our fallibility to age. As indicated before, the use of beautification agents is not associated to gender anymore (Robertson, Fieldman, & Hussey, 2008). Instead, the old values are being replaced by new values where men and women alike want to deny the usage of any beautification agents. The author further develops her argument by presenting weight as a means of differentiating between womens social groups. Cannold (2012) suggests that women of one weight category will interact with each other only in o rder to justify their own weight. This serves as a weak argument since this argument can be generalise to nearly any gender and their socialisation patterns. It is relevant to note that men will only socialise with other men who share common animal(prenominal) characteristics. For example, body builder men will socialise with others who are conscious about their physical well being. This argument can also be elongated further to espouse the third gender. Members of the third gender will only socialise with members of the third gender since they resemble physically. Hence, it could be concluded that physically mistakable people will socialise with each other whether you talk about men, women or about the third gender. The author extends her argument to indicate that women utilise beautification agents in order to fit into their social groups where 50 year olds seem like 40 year olds. Again, it could be argued that men tend to be just as choosy about their appearance and this can be demonstrated by looking at the corporate sector. Restricting the arguments scope to women just is rather lope sided since male corporate managers do their best to look and as fresh as a cucumber (Gimlin, 2002). Present-ability is one of the most esteemed characteristics of the corporate world especially at the higher levels. This applies across the board to men and women operating in those domains (Low, 2008). The author

Managing Change- Strategies for mergers and acquisition AOL and TIME Essay

Managing Change- Strategies for mergers and acquisition AOL and TIME WARNER - Essay ExampleIn both the cases of mergers and acquisitions, two fraction entities decide to come together a change is certain to happen in the new amalgamated set-up. The change is expected in the company policies, commission hierarchy, and customer relations among other major things. And if the merger is that of the largest merger till date, we can understand the proximity of the change. Merger of prison term Warner with America Online proves the fact.Beginning its voyage with the name of Quantum Computer Services, America Online (popularly known as AOL) has been one of the most successful brands in the world of internet. Proving the fears of many experts wrong, AOL was successful even after the free people internet service providers entered the market. AOL also successfully survived the dotcom bust when many of its competitors had to shut their business.For a long time sequence Warner has been a part of various mergers and acquisitions. The company, Time Warner, was formed in 1990 when Time, Inc and Warner Communication decided to merge together. It has a wide array of business initiatives ranging from producing films, publishing books, broadcasting, etc. Some of its leading brands are Time, CNN, Warner Brothers.It was too soon January of the year 2000 when the biggest corporate merger was announced as an all stock transaction. But there were certain issues to be settled before the deal adage days light. After about a year, on 11th January 2001, with the approval of FCC, the deal was signed of making AOL Time Warner, the largest media and entertainment company in the world.Though, both the companies claimed it was a merger of equals, but actually AOL shareholders owned 55% stake of the new company and the remaining 45% stake of AOL Time Warner belonged to the shareholders of Time Warner (McCullagh D., December 2000).The new company initially traded at the New York Stoke Exchan ge with

Leadership and its views in football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and its views in football - Essay ExampleStarting from the maturation a team, training, developing strategies, executing those in the field all depends on the manager. Thus, success or failure of the team also considered as the responsibility of the manager. According to the chronicle of Barnes (2013), in the EPL (English premier league), the role of the manager is very important. Being considered as the toughest and most competitive football league of the world, team managers play an important role in the success or failure of the team. Signing new footballer, coaching them, developing team strategies-all depends on the manager. In his review, he cited the example of Paolo Di Canio-manager of the Sunderland football club. According to the report of British media, his enthusiasm was the key behind the success of the Sunderland football club, as they were able to retain their position in the premier league aft(prenominal) a horrible start. In his report he pointed out th e fact that it is not necessary that only the change in managers brings about the good result. It is nothing to do with the change but it is a trend of event which may happen no matter whether club has change the manager or not. In his word, changing manager may give good result for a game or two, in short for a shorter period of time, but that does not actor it will give continuous good result. According to his view, it s a misleading statistic because not changing the manager would have had the same result. He cited the example of Aston Villa in the EPL, where they also have facing the threat of relegation like Sunderland, but they did not change their manager. The result of the first 5 games of Sunderland after changing manager and Aston Villa without changing the manager was same 2 wins, 1... The essay goes though 5 different phases of an employmet cycles. These are recruitment/selection, induction, managing the operation, controlling different take aim of performance and wo rkforce planning/role or job analysis-job redesign. Being a manger one has to look up to all these parameters and control the performance of his or her team members. At the end, manager has to carry the responsibility of both success or failure of the team as he or she is the drawing card of the group. (p.4). Being the leader of the group or the team, managers have the responsibility of both success and failures. In any organization or any sports managers have a key role to play.b Thus, success or failure of the team also considered as the responsibility of the manager. Then, we see the issues in the essay. There are several causes and consequences associated with the tone ending of the manager. All across the globe, the performance of any team is the only parameter by which any managers work is being reviewed. Same is relevant for any organization also. Being the manager of the group or at the top of the organization performance is the only parameter. In conclusion, we get more culture on the football managers profession. According to the review of Markham (2012), in the game of football managers used to get sacked or fired due to 3 primary(prenominal) reasons. These are 1) Poor on-field performance. 2) Breakdown in relations with club directors/owners and 3) Increasing pressure from the supporters and media for delivering better result.

KIEU Eaasy-Theme 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KIEU Eaasy-Theme 2 - Essay ExampleAlthough it whitethorn be assumed that the spirit behind Kieus determination to engage in immoral activities is ethical, the actions the she takes argon immoral and against the standards set by the society. Kieus liberal temperament is revealed when she decides to engage in whoredom in order to cater for the unavoidably for her family. Kieu was well educated and had a bright future ahead, but problems befall her family. As a result, she takes the path of prostitution and becomes a victim of circumstances. According to her society, prostitution is immoral and an abuse of womanhood, but Kieu takes a bold step to engage in it in order to assist her brother and father. The spirit behind her conclusion to join prostitution in order to assist her family may be taken as a moral action, but in the real sentiency and based on her societys norms, it is immoral (Du 151). Kieu falls in love with Kim. Both are teenagers but they follow their desires to devel op a aflame relationship. The society prohibits teenage relationship because they are likely to fall into temptation and engage in sexual intercourse. The society is against the relationship, but Kieus liberal personality enables her to fall in love with Kim, thus breaking the social norms set by her community. Although Kieu may be considered to be moral when she decided to preserve herself until hymeneals when her boyfriend Kim tried to make sexual advances to her, the whole relationship is immoral because it contravenes the basic moral codes that prohibit sexual relationships between teenagers (Du 118). Judging whether Kieus actions are moral or immoral depends on the society that one is coming from. Every society defines morality in its own context. Looking at Kieus character, it is somehow admirable because she loves her family more than herself and decides to practice prostitution in order to save them. If Kieu were a selfish individual, she would have agreed to get married t o Kim and submit her family to suffer. Therefore, in another context, her decisions are admirable and she can be considered to be a bright person. She chooses to assist her family, even though it meant going against social norms and beliefs. Nevertheless, her actions cannot be taken to be those of a hero because the path of prostitution is not a correct one and is not acceptable in any society. whoredom is immoral and is taken to be lack of respect to oneself and the society at large. Kieu could have made other choices rather than prostitution. Many bright girls around the lump face similar circumstances in life, and prostitution to a morally unspoiled person is immoral. Even though Kieu proved to be morally upright when Kim made sexual advances to her, she later proved to be a weak human being who uses family as a reason to practice prostitution. It is clear that her decision to practice prostitution could not be deterred by social norms and so she had to follow her liberal atti tudes to do what fulfilled her desire and what she felt was good for her and her family (McLeod and Nguyen 69). ethics are ethics that determine whether the behavior of an individual is good or bad. Every society has its own way of expressing moral behavior and ethics. One may be faced by a situation where the moral behavior can be abandoned in order to save another from bigger problems. For instance, Kieu is forced to join the brothel and start practicing prostitution in a bid to save her father and

Disscusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Disscusion - Essay ExampleA name given to these social misfits is berdache. According to Devor, the tightness bound by the notion of me and I is called self and gender identity are at the core of the development of self (89).Cofer, being both Puerto Rican and colour says that, in her early years, she was referred to as blanca (white). She was lighter than her mother but darker than her father (61). Cofer narrates that while getting kicked out of a store, the storekeeper called her dirty brown, saying it was her pictorial color (67). She ran home to wash her hands with hot water and soap, and her skin remained the same color. Even though, the I knew she was clean, the Me part reminded her that she was the color of coffee with milk in it. She had big eyes, and a round face and she knew she was pretty, yet at Catholic school, the pretty white girls were especially the teachers favorites. The I confided in her that she lived a well abounding decent life with her parents. However, the Me chided her about Teds fathers comments that, being Puerto Rican, they lived like rats.The notion of I should surpass that of Me because society will never be pleased. It is somewhat like a gaping black hole that sucks out most of the good about an individual and leaves emptiness. In as much as society guides in shaping the general gender norms of individuals, it should not be given too much power. An individual knows himself/herself better than anyone else, and society will be more concerned about tearing apart the negative rather than building on the positive.From Cofers story of her body, the issue of race and color is clear evident, and she goes to great lengths to clarify the impact it had on her life while she was growing up. Many a times, she felt small and sorely inadequate, especially in sports and her

Analysis of Compensation Philosophy Research Paper

Analysis of Compensation Philosophy - Research Paper ExampleThe policies and underlying philosophy governing the companys compensation program are intentional to accomplish the following objectives Maintain a compensation program that is equitable in a competitive marketplace. leave opportunities that integrate pay with the companys annual and long?term performance goals. Maintain an appropriate balance between base compensation and short and long-term inducement opportunities. Recognize and reward individual initiative and achievements. Provide a clear focus and measurement on key objectives with a meaningful link to rewards. acquire a performance-driven work culture that generates the companys growth Provide compensation and benefits levels within our companys financial ability to pay. Encourage force building by better linking career development, performance management, and rewards. Provide a non-discriminatory merit-based compensation program. At the same time, the compensa tion program of outdo Consulting Company is designed to attract, motivate and retain talented employees. This is evident through working towards the companys success, attracting and retaining the highest performers. According to Martocchio (2011), base pay is set by a egg job hierarchy. The author states that pay rewards should be obtained by merit or seniority, meeting specific goals or completing a specific project or as a result of acquiring new job skills or knowledge. That is why the author states that Excel Consulting strives to provide a competitive base salary that meets the market at the 50th percentile for fully proficient employees who meet expectations. Also, it is evident between the 60th and 75th percentile for employees who consistently perform higher up expectations and are highly proficient in their roles. New employees that do not meet expectations leave be paid below the 50th percentile print (Martocchio,2011). The competitiveness of employees base salaries provide be reviewed on an annual basis and adjustments made when market conditions and financial performance allows. The size of the adjustment will be based on the employees experience, performance, and contribution to Excel Consulting Companys performance as well as the employees salary within the marketplace. Also, Excel Consulting will use both annual incentives and long-term incentives to enhance its ability to achieve its mission and its employee compensation objectives. In this case, long-term incentives will be performance-based and will provide equity compensation at the 50th percentile when target goals are met with the potential for awards. However, it will be between the 60th and 75th percentile when long-term goals are exceeded. The payment of an incentive award to an employee will be subject to the employees achievement of pre-established targets. Excel consulting compensation programs will also look into internal equity by considering differences among employees in s kills, efforts, responsibilities and working conditions. This implies that visible effective commitment to the Excel consulting Company will also be rewarded. The company will also ensure that its compensation structure is linked to an effective performance management system (Daft et al, 2010).

Basics of finance and investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Basics of finance and investment - Essay ExampleBad news is always remembered more than because it is human nature that peoples miseries create a stronger impact in our minds. But it should in any case be remembered that if there is a Leeson, there is also a Warren Buffet. Money was lost on lucre contrasts, but just before that, money was also made on the same internet stocks. And Bernard Madoff was one of a kind, who took advantage of peoples confidence to him as a SEC consultant. There was nobody before or after him who operated at the level he did, because the there is usually in place an effective regulation of the market and most such operators ar caught early on (Arnold, 2004).If there are no extreme developments such as market crashes and financial crises, investing for value long-term has always been sound strategy for enhancing wealth. There are several vehicles for investment the savings account, the money market, certificates of deposit and common stocks are some of them. Each of these instruments is associated with a particular level of rate of feed. The rate of give-up the ghost is the percentage gain an investment makes in short, how much yearly earnings are expected as a proportion of the capital invested. The rates of return fluctuate, but they maintain a more or less consistent relationship with those of the others. For instance, the savings account in a bank would normally impart the lowest rate of return which is denoted by its interest rate. The money market placement has a slightly higher interest rate, followed by certificates of deposit, and then the stock investment. The average rates of return for each of these instruments is shown in the second row of Table 1 (source UK National Statistics Online).The rate of return plays an important part in the concept of compounding. In compounding, the returns that have been accumulated for one year becomes part of the

Individual Improvement Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Individual Improvement Plan - Essay ExampleFirst, my intellectual skills, especially own(prenominal) emphasis on mental activity worked well in this project because it required effective problem-solving skills. The complexity of the project required the team to seek ersatz solutions to problems. This task matched my skills. I would apply personal reflection and introspection to gain motivation to complete the task. Further, I feel that my commanding style applied in presenting the scenarios as well as moving the team forward in moments when we would have stalled. Once we established the project goals, I developed a mop up map of what I wanted achieved. Negotiations with the other team members allowed us to create synergies and complete the project in time. May contributions were to the team were exceptional because I am a competitive individual, and thus I wanted to be the best. However, this was apparent. All the individual tasks that I performed in this project related well with my inquisitive nature.A personal reflection about the activity shows that I can achieve better results by focusing more on my strengths as a programmatic learner. Therefore, I should seek opportunities for hands-on training. I would require demonstration from an acknowledged expert. Overall, this means that my personal learning style can help support growth and teaching activities during the proposed hands-on training activity. This is especially important because it links well with my pragmatics

Three Bases for Government Essay Example for Free

Three Bases for Government EssayIn government, the Lao-tzu says, it is important that the people be kept incessantly without knowledge and without desires (Blythe 1992). Not to be miscons neatd as a kind of political technique designed to manipulate or coerce, this means that they be allowed to safeguard their true nature. Government must in the final analysis abide by naturalness and nonaction. The sage pattern naturally never puts himself first or claims citation for his accomplishments. Consequently, the people are not aware that he has brought order and well-being to the world, assuming that the good fortune they enjoy has come about spontaneously. Ultimately the ruler himself must embrace nonaction so as to establish a model to transform the people that is, to enable those under the spell of desires to reclaim their true nature. particularized policies or techniques of government are secondary and must be forgotten if nonaction were to be realized. Government by nonacti on is not mysterious, however. It does not involve mystical or esoteric practices, but rests on the claim that the transforming power of Tao, defined in terms of naturalness and exemplified by the ideal sage-ruler, would spontaneously permeate the mind and pump of the people.There is perhaps a degree of optimism to this view, but one which to Wang Pi is well justified. This is because the all-encompassing order of tzu-jan extends to the sociopolitical level. The institution of family and state is not extrinsic to nature. to a greater extent specifically, the hierarchical structure of sociopolitical institutions reflects the principles governing the Taoist world. This explains Lao-tzus claim that Taoist self-cultivation, which Wang Pi again relates to realizing ones true nature, has a direct impact on the well-being of the family and the state of matter (Blythe 1992).In this light, such concepts as nonaction, quietude acquire a more concrete meaning. In the Ho-shang Kung commentary , these concepts are subsumed under the rubric of securing the One (shou-i). In the Lao-tzu itself, the aspect embrace the One (pao-i) is used twice but Ho-shang Kung prefers the word shou to emphasize the importance of securing what has been embraced. In other words, ideal government, both politically and with respect to the interior(a) life, depends on the rulers ability to acquire and to maintain the One, and to guard against harmful influences.For the ideal but practical, new democratic state, Jefferson coined the word sociocracy. Jeffersons ideal government is neither individualistic nor collectivist. It consists of a dictatorship of three wise men who represent the technological, the temporal, and the spiritual spheres. Final veto rests in the spiritual officer in whom simply are found wisdom, philosophy, and moral ends. The temporal power, however, acts according to the laws of nature expressed through the social forces, and is guided in all things by social science. Jeffe rson was basically right in believing that unless sociologists controlled the state, the social problem would never be solved.The first step toward the ideal government, thitherfore, was to indicate just what the social sciences are, and what they have to tolerate to the knowledge of human problems and social progress. Jefferson insisted that the present order is the result of defective knowledge, neglect of moral teaching, and of anarchical habits of egoistic living. To erect the ideal state, the temple of humanity, there must be a consensus of organized philosophy, reformed morality, and permanent nonsupernatural religion.Capital must be moralized, the marriage institution renovated, and every other institution spiritualized by the awakening of the sympathetic instincts enlisted in the service of humanity. To lead and control the positive state, Jefferson offered his philosophy of science which is a scheme of education, a method of government, a naturalize of wisdom, and a form of religion in brief, a synthesis of mind, feeling and action, crowned by the religion of humanity.Carter also defended his ideal government on the railway yard of frugal and ethical principles which are closely associated with ach other and with the political principles which formed the basis of the ideal government. His aim was to achieve political and social solidarity through an economic but ethical revolution which would make the introduction of the new order possible and which would sustain and reinforce it after it had been established. The underlying principles of his state are, therefore, as tightly interwoven and as interactive as his aims and this was as it should have been, for Carter regarded society as an organism of the satisfying-and it was for the consummation of a unified, harmonious whole that he seek a solution.Because of the doctrine of evolution, Carter believed that man could not be considered as an individual apart from his surroundings, for he was bor n into an environment from whose effects there could be no escape. The problem, therefore, was to adjust mans conduct to the social organism, the whole, of which he was a part or to adjust the social organism so that it would further right conduct and the achievement of action that would be for the good of the whole. Ethics, therefore, became a sociological search for right conduct which was to be defined as the stable adjustment of the part to the whole (Blythe 1992).ReferencesBlythe, J. M. 1992. Ideal Government and the Mixed Constitution. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press.

Time machine Essay Example for Free

Time machine EssayTime travel is the fancy of miserable between different points in m in a manner analogous to moving between different points in space, generally using a theoretical invention, namely a time machine. It has a commonly acknowledge place in philosophy and fiction, but has a very limited coating in real world physics, such as in quantum mechanics or wormholes. Although the 1895 novel The Time Machine by H. G.Wells was instrumental in moving the concept of time travel to the forefront of the public imagination, The Clock That Went Backward by Edward Page Mitchell was published in 1881 and involves a clock that allows a person to travel backwards in time. 1 Non-technological forms of time travel had appeared in a number of earlier stories such as Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol. Historically, the concept dates back to the early mythologies of Hinduism (such as the Mahabharata), Buddhism, and Islam through ancient folk tales.More recently, with advancing techno logy and a greater scientific understanding of the universe, the plausibility of time travel has been explored in greater detail by science fiction writers, philosophers, and physicistsThere is no widespread agreement as to which written work should be recognized as the earliest example of a time travel story, since a number of early works feature elements ambiguously suggestive of time travel. antediluvian folk tales and myths sometimes involved something akin to travelling in front in time for example, in Hindu mythology, the Mahabharata mentions the story of the King Raivata Kakudmi, who travels to heaven to meet the precedent Brahma and is shocked to learn that many ages have passed when he returns to Earth. 23 The Buddhist Pali Canons also mention time moving at different pace, in the Payasi Sutta, superstar of Buddhas chief disciples Kumara Kassapa explains to the skeptic Payasi that In the Heaven of the Thirty Three Devas, time passes at a different pace, and people live m uch longer.In the block of our century, one hundred years, only a single day, twenty four hours would have passed for them. 4 In Islam, there is some reference to time travel. The Quran tells almost several individuals who go to sleep in a cave only to wake up after 309 years. There is also a reference rough time variation where it states one day for God (Allah) is one thousand years of what you (human beings) count.Another one of the earliest known stories to involve traveling forward in time to a distant future was the Japanese tale of Urashima eddo,5 first described in the Nihongi (720). 6 It was about a young fisherman named Urashima Taro who visits an undersea palace and stays there for three days. After returning home to his village, he finds himself 300 years in the future, when he is long forgotten, his family line in ruins, and his family long dead.Another very old example of this type of story can be found in the Talmud with the story of Honi HaMagel who went to sleep for 70 years and woke up to a world where his grandchildren were grandparents and where all his friends and family were dead. 7 Statue of Rip train Winkle in Irvington, New York More recently, Washington Irvings 1819 story Rip Van Winkle tells of a man named Rip Van Winkle who takes a nap on a mountain and wakes up 20 years in the future, when he has been forgotten, his wife dead, and his daughter grown up.5 Sleep was also used for time travel in Faddey Bulgarins story Pravdopodobnie Nebylitsi in which the protagonist wakes up in the 29th century. citation needed Another more recent story involving travel to the future is Louis-Sebastien Merciers LAn 2440, reve sil en fut jamais (The Year 2440 A Dream If Ever There Were One), a utopian novel in which the main character is transported to the year 2440.An extremely popular work (it went through 25 editions after its first appearance in 1771), it describes the adventures of an unnamed man who, after engaging in a heated discussion wi th a philosopher friend about the injustices of Paris, falls asleep and finds himself in a Paris of the future. Robert Darnton writes that despite its self-proclaimed character of fantasy LAn 2440 demanded to be read as a serious guidebook to the future. 8.

Marketing in Global Environment Essay Example for Free

Marketing in Global Environment EssayPre school children usu solelyy break angry when they ar frustrated and they get frustrated when they angle comprehend what is going on and what they have to do in that current situation. Thus when they feel helpless and are unable to express their feelings verbally, they show anger. This is fundamentally the positive sign in a sense that this aggression enables the child to create their own personality, which signals that they are getting growing up because of the learning they generate from new circumstances. According to Lewis Michalson, (1983) there are three components of anger worked up state of anger, expression and then understanding of anger. In the first stage of emotional state the child feels that their needs are not fulfilled or their goal is unattainable. In daily classroom activities there may be encroach over possession of childrens accessories, like some children dont like to share their things with other children.Moreov er there may be fights amidst children, verbal taunt or teasing, or circumstances when children feel that they are being ignored with peers, parents or teachers and when kids dont like to do what is staged by the teacher or parents. All these are the reasons that cause children to get frustrated. The second stage is expression of anger, which children normally display through their facial expression, by crying and sometimes they become stubborn and do not bother to resolve the issue.Some children express their anger by taking revenge physically or through verbal taunting, complain to the teacher what he dislikes or by fighting with his other friends. The third stage address the understanding of anger, it involves understanding, interpreting and then evaluating the emotions because expression of anger is basically linked with the understanding of emotions. At this stage children learn from their teachers and parents on how to manage their feelings of anger, and how to react in tho se situations.Now I would like to explore the understanding and then managing anger, according to the (Lewis Saarni, 1985), there is a cognitive process of childrens gradual development which includes memory, language and self denotative and self regulatory behaviors. At the initial ages, children always remember in their memory the situations and their solutions that what they have done at that prevailing situation and then it become very difficult to wash their brain if they are grow up with the wrong perception.Thus the teacher plays an important role in the growing of children because they are the ones who guide them on what they have to do in the situation they come across. Then comes language, as every child thinks differently and they have different perceptions, consequently the teacher has to be very careful and keep in mind the differences when teaching them on anger. The third and last one is self referential and self regularity behavior, now self referential behavior means seeing them as separate, independent and active, while self regulation refers to controlling their wishes and tolerating the consequences.What the teacher is suppositional to do to deal with the anger, the most important task is to create a friendly climate where children can express their feelings and problems without being scared, listen to them, motivate them and they must(prenominal) help the children to develop self regulatory skills. Also, let them participate in all the classroom activities to increase their confidence, they can do so by heavy them moral stories, with the help of role play or through games and different competitions, and the most important task is to involve parents as they are the ones who remain with them all the day.Hence teacher and parent both must coordinate to mitigate understand the children. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study was to examine the child psychology, as every child is different. Furthermore, to understand how to treat ch ildren, in a way they want to be treated so they can be a better groomed for their future ahead. References Marion. M. (April 27, 2009) Helping Young Children Deal with Anger. Retrieved twenty-sixth June 09. From the website http//www. athealth. com/Consumer/issues/childsanger. html The Parent Report Radio Show. Aggression and Anger in Young Children.Retrieved 26th June 09 from the website http//www. theparentreport. com/resources/ages/preschool/development/650. html Center for Mental Health Services. Helping the Child Who is Expressing Anger. Retrieved 26th June 09 from the website http//parentingteens. about. com/cs/youthviolence/a/childanger. htm Can Anger in Children be a Sign of Something Serious? ( 2008 ). Retrieved 26th June 09 from the website http//www. help-your-child-with-anger. com/anger-in-children. html Managing and Coping with the Angry Child. Retrieved 26th June 09 from the website http//www. angermgmt. com/children. asp

Relationship Between Entrepreneur Human Capital and HR

Relationship Between Entrepreneur sympathetic Capital and HR1. Introduction1.2 The look into topicIn modern economies the majority of firms be broken firms, and these firms make a considerable contribution to the development of the socio-economic and political infrastructure (Matlay, 2002). Unfortunately, petty(a) firms also go a high failure govern. cubic decimeter to eighty percent fail during the first five years of existence (Baumback, 1988). One of the main reasons for this high failure rate appears to be a insufficiency of emphasis on the attention of humanity resources in depressed firms (McEvoy, 1984).A range of studies indicate that kernelive management of human resources is one and only(a) of the most full of life ch eachenges sm either firms face (e.g., Mazzarol, 2003 Deshpande and Golhar, 1994 Marlow and Patton, 1993 Hornsby and Kuratko, 1990). Especially as it relates to the management of HR issues. Managerial incompetence in handling HR issues is a major source of small firm failure (Dun and Bradstreet, 2001 Baron, 2003 Hornsby and Kuratko, 2003), and the agency entrepreneurs handle HR issues in an early stage severely impacts downstream success of railway line (Cardon and Stevens, 2004). However, Cardon and Stevens (2004) did a literature look back on HRM in small and emerging firms and concluded that despite the wideness of HR issues to small and emerging firms our get a lineing closely these issues is limited. While we have begun to understand when small firms jazz variegateing levels of HR issues (e.g., Kotter and Sathe, 1978 Rutherford et al, 2003), and what these issues atomic number 18 (e.g., Horsnby and Kuratko, 2003), literature lacks much of the speculation necessary to understand the role the entrepreneur plays with estimation to HR issues in small firms. Given that entrepreneurs play a dominant role in determining how human resources are managed in small firms (Matlay, 2002 Klaas and Klimchak, 2006), it is k indredly that certain individual-to-person feature articles of entrepreneurs play a more than important role in determining HR issues in small firms. Surprisingly, this relationship has received very little assistance in literature.This search withdraw will address this gap in literature by focusing on the relationship mingled with human chapiter characteristics of the entrepreneur and HR issues in small firms. Particularly, the relationship between prior education and experience of the entrepreneur and HR issues in small firms. Education and experience are generally regarded as key factors influencing small firm survival and development (Storey, 1994), and a range of studies show they are positively related to small firm performance (e.g., XXX). Given that HR issues are the main ca drop of small firm failure (Dun and Bradstreet, 2001 Baron, 2003 Hornsby and Kuratko, 2003), and that they have a strong negative effect on small firm performance (Cardon and Stevens, 2004), t his could imply that somehow education and experience are related to HR issues in small firms. Since we do non know if that is the expression, this look for take away will make a first attempt at getting a better accord about this relationship.1.3 The research objectiveAccording to Saunders et al. (2003, p.96-98) a research ingest screwing be done either to explore, describe or apologise a particular phenomenon. They reason that exploratory research is done to seek new insight into a phenomenon, to ask questions and to undertake a phenomenon in a new way, that descriptive research is done to get an accurate description of events, situations or persons, and that explanatory research is done to explain the cause and effect relationship between devoted variables. Malhotra (1996, p.99) fence ins that in some cases more than one research type (exploratory, descriptive or explanatory) is utilise in a single study to achieve the objectives.This research study will be of an ex ploratory personality, as in that respect have been few (if any) attempts in literature at getting a better understanding about the relationship between human capital letter of the entrepreneur and HR issues in small firms. The objective of this research study is to more precisely desexualize the variables that are in play in this relationship, by making a very first attempt at developing a conceptual framework linking human capital characteristics (education and experience) of the entrepreneur to HR issues in small firms.1.4 Contribution to the literatureThe contribution of this research study to the literature is threefold. First, by focusing on HRM in small firms, this research study focuses on a neglected group of firms and responds to several appeals for more research at the intersection of the human resource management and entrepreneurship fields (e.g., Barret and Mayson, 2006 Baron, 2003 Katz et al, 2000 Heneman and Tansky, 2000). Second, by looking at the role human capi tal of the entrepreneur plays in determining HR issues in small firms, this research study offers a new and disagreeent perspective on HR issues in small firms. Last, by making a very first attempt at developing a conceptual framework linking human capital of the entrepreneur to HR issues in small firms, this research study provides a shewation and input for future research into the links between human capital of the entrepreneur and HR issues in small firms.1.5 Key conceptsBygrave and Hofer (1991, p. 15) make out that good science has to arrest with good descriptions, and Marlow (2006) states that if basic concepts are not clarified or defined, then it becomes extremely difficult to develop coherent and comparable research endeavors that build understanding of a particular field of study. accordingly key concepts will briefly be explained and defined in crop to make sure that the subscriber fully understands the topics under investigation in this research study.Small firms Storey (1994, p.8) states there is no single, uniformly acceptable, definition of a small firm, and delimit the small firm seems to be complex and somewhat botheratic (Wilkinson, 1999). First, there is the issue of size. There is no consensus as to what is actually meant by small with regard to the number of employees in this category. In literature the number of employees in firms classified as small range anywhere from 1 to 500 employees depending upon the study. The same problem exists with various statistical agencies a hybridization the world. CBS (Dutch statistics) defines firms having less than 100 employees as small, whereas in the European union Eurostat uses a threshold of 250 employees, and the Small Business Administration in the United States even defines firms with having less than 500 employees as small (Flanagan and Deshpande, 1996).Second, there is also the issue of heterogeneity. Wilkinson (1999) argues that the danger of defining small firms lies in the assumpti on that there is a homogenous small firm sector and that all small firms indoors it have similar characteristics. He argues that while size may be a factor, it alone is not sufficient to explain patterns of employment relations, because a variety of influences (both internal and external) explain behavior (Wilkinson, 1999). This is in line with the view of Hornsby and Kuratko (2006). They argue that it is not a case of small versus large firms, as there are small assembleed firms, small start-up firms, and small high product firms, and these firms vary in ownership based on family ownership, ownership by founder, and some type of privately held stock ownership. Cardon and Stevens (2004) argue that co-joining small firms all into one boilersuit category is problematic as the management studys of established and emerging firms, or firms with 1, 10, 50, 250, and 500 employees are significantly different from each other. This makes summarizing and providing generalizations of resear ch findings in literature on small firms somewhat problematic.However, despite the fact that there is no uniformity of approach to defining the small firm, for this research study a practical definition of a small firm is needed. Therefore a small firm is defined as a privately held firm with fewer than 100 employees in which the entrepreneur is responsible for the everyday management and decision making in the firm.EntrepreneurThere is an ongoing debate in literature about the differences and similarities between owner-managers and entrepreneurs. According to Carland et al. (1984) the critical factor that distinguishes entrepreneurs from owner-managers is innovation. They argue that entrepreneurs are characterized by a preference for creating activity, manifested by some innovative combine of resources for profit, and that owner-managers establish and manage a business for the principal purpose of furthering private goals. In line with this Freel and Robson (2004) state that ent repreneurs initiate change with the aim of challenging the positioning quo whilst maximizing profit and generating new employment, and that owner-managers focus on firm durability and sustainability, limiting operational reach of the firm, either because of market constraints or by personal choice (Freel and Robson, 2004 as cited in Marlow, 2006).However, this research study will make no distinction between an owner-manager or an entrepreneur. The most important characteristic for this research study is the dominant role the individual plays in the firm, and not whether the individual is engaged in innovative activities or not. Given that both term represent an individual generally solely responsible for the day-to-day management and decision making in the firm (Cooper et al, 1994), this research study will get over them the same, but uses the term entrepreneur to address this individual.This research study defines the entrepreneur as an individual who independently owns a small firm and is responsible for the day-to-day management and decision making in the firm.Human capitalHuman capital can be explained as the skills and knowledge gained by a worker through education and experience. Human capital theory (Becker, 1964) is based on the idea that people acquire individual resources to increase or compound their productivity, and that these acquisitions are related to prior education or training, as well as prior work experiences (Brush and Manolova, 2004). In this research study the focus is on human capital of the entrepreneur and how it influences the day-to-day management and decision making in the firm.EducationIn this research study education is defined as ball college education, together with received specialized training. Training is defined as the process by which managers acquire the knowledge and skills related to their work requirements by formal, structured or guided means (Deloitte, Haskins, and Sells, 1989, p.3).ExperienceAccording to Lee and Tsang (2001) experience consists of three main components entrepreneurial, industrial and managerial. Entrepreneurial experience refers to the number of old new venture involvements and the level of the management role played in such ventures (Stuart and Abetti, 1990, p. 151 as cited in Lee and Tsang, 2001). Industrial experience refers to experience in the industry the firm is in, and managerial experience is the total experience in management regardless of the industry (Lee and Tsang, 2001). However, for this research study experience will not be divided into three components. In this research study experience is defined as accumulated knowledge of practical matters in the past (Wikipedia).Human resource management (HRM)Storey (2001) states there is considerable confusion among researchers whether HRM is a generic term, simply denoting any approach to employment management(or) as one specific and arguably minority form of approach to employment management (Storey, 2001 as cited in Marlow, 2006). This confusion becomes clear from the many explanations and definitions of HRM in literature. For example, Bratton and Gold define HRM as the part of the management process that specializes in the management of people in work organizations. HRM emphasizes that employees are critical to achieving sustainable competitive advantage, that human resources practices need to be corporate with the corporate strategy, and that human resource specialists help organizational controllers to meet both efficiency and equity objectives (Bratton and Gold, 1999). Armstrong defines HRM as the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business (Armstrong, 2006). Boselie states HRM involves management decisions related to policies and practices which together term the employment relationship and are aimed at achieving ind ividual, organizational, and societal goals (Boselie, 2002). And last, Schermerhorn (2001) defines HRM as the process of attracting, developing, and maintaining a talented and energetic workforce to support organizational mission, objectives, and strategies.In this research study HRM is considered a generic term, simply denoting any approach to the management of employees, and thusly a practical definition of human resource management is needed. Schermerhorns definition of HRM is the most practical, and fits best with the open, flexible, and ad hoc approaches associated with HRM in small firms. Therefore HRM is defined as the process of attracting, developing, and maintaining a talented and energetic workforce to support organizational mission, objectives, and strategies (Schermerhorn, 2001, p2400).HRM activities and HRM issuesRutherford et al. ( 2003) argue that in literature the distinction between HRM issues and activities is not always clear. Therefore it is important to define what is meant by HRM issues and what is meant by HRM activities. Rutherford et al. (2003) define HRM issues as people-related issues or concerns perceived by the entrepreneur or managers in the firm and HRM activities as specific human resource management practices used by the firm. They explain the difference by saying HRM activities are (formal) practices that are put in place to deal with HRM issues (Rutherford et al, 2003). client et al. (2004) make a further distinction within HRM activities between HR practices and HR techniques. They argue that for every HR practice (e.g., recruitment), there are several different techniques (e.g., newspaper ads, online ads, head hunters etc.), or for example (e.g., selection), and (e.g., interviews, assessment centers etc.).This research study follows the definitions of HRM activities and issues by Rutherford et al. (2003), and acknowledges the distinction within HRM activities between HR practices and HR techniques as described by Guest e t al. (2004).1.5 Main research question and sub questionsIn order to be able to complete the research objective as stated in split up 1.3, the main research question and several sub questions have been formulated.The main research question statesHow is human capital of the entrepreneur related to HR issues in small firms?In order to be able to answer the main research question, several sub questions have been formulatedHow do HR practices and techniques differ between entrepreneurs with varying levels of human capital?How do HR issues differ between entrepreneurs with varying levels of human capital?How does the perceived importance of HRM and HRM issues differ between entrepreneurs with varying levels of human capital?1.6 Conceptual copyAlthough this is an exploratory research study, some variables have been identified in literature that could play a significant role in explaining the relationship between human capital of the entrepreneur and HR issues in small firms. These varia bles are shown in this preliminary conceptual modelThis research study builds upon upper echelon theory and human capital theory to explore the relationship between human capital characteristics of the entrepreneur and HRM issues in small firms. Upper echelon theory (Hambrick and Mayson, 1984) states that everything that goes on in a firm is a reflection of its top managers. It found that the nature of managerial processes and organizational outcomes are partially predicted by managerial background characteristics of its top managers. While originally applied to large firms, this theory seems to be even more applicable to small firms, given that small firms are generally build around the entrepreneur who is often primarily responsible for management and decision-making in small firms (Cooper et al, 1994). Therefore the entrepreneur can be seen as the upper echelon in small firms. Human capital theory (Becker, 1964) states that people acquire individual resources to increase or enhan ce their productivity, and that these acquisitions are related to prior education or training, as well as prior work experiences (Brush and Manolova, 2004).Cooper et al. (1994) argue that education is presumably related to knowledge, skills, problem-solving ability, discipline, motivation, and self-confidence, and it enables owner-managers to fill in with problems and thereby be more successful. In line with this Lee and Tsang (2001) argue that in general education has a positive effect on the growth of the firm, because education equips an individual with the analytical and technical skills essential to managing a business. Furthermore, according to Cooper et al. (1994) owner-managers who have started or managed a firm prior to launching the catamenia firm would perform better. They argue that prior experience would better prepare them for the wide variety of problems confronting new firms. Within small firms human capital theory is concerned with the knowledge and capabilities o f entrepreneurs acquired through education and experience, which influences the way these firms are managed. With regard to HRM in small firm, prior studies indicate that human capital characteristics impact the nature of HR practices and techniques in small firms (e.g., Mazzarol, 2003 Maes et al, 2004 De Winne and Sels, 2006).Link A BThe presumed direct link between human capital and HRM issues is based on findings by Tocher and Rutherford (2009). They found that entrepreneurs with more human capital (higher educated and experienced) were more likely to perceive HRM issues as their firms most critical concern. Whether these firms actually experienced HRM issues or that it was only the information of the entrepreneur remains unclear. However, given that results in this research study come from the individual lived experiences of entrepreneurs, their perception of HRM issues in their firm must be regarded as the truth, and therefore a direct link might exist.Link A B CBased on th e link A B, it might be the case that entrepreneurs perceive that they have a lot of HRM issues, and that as a result they implement more HRM practices and techniques ( thermolabile).Link A C BThere is present that human capital characteristics of the entrepreneur impacts the nature of HR insurance and practice within small firms (Mazzarol, 2003 Maes et al, 2004 De Winne and Sels, 2006). It might also be expected that human capital equips entrepreneurs with knowledge about a range of HRM practices and techniques, which they will put in place in order to avoid or overcome HRM issues. It is expected that more use of HRM practices and techniques leads to less HRM issues.Link A D C BIt is expected that more human capital makes entrepreneurs more aware of the value and importance of HRM and HRM issues to small firms. If entrepreneurs acknowledge the importance of both HRM and HRM issues to their firm, it is expected that they will put more emphasis on HRM and implement a range of HRM practices and techniques pro-active rather than reactive in order to avoid HRM issues. This is expected to lead to less HRM issues.1.7 MethodologyThis exploratory research study uses a deuce-tailed multiple case study rule invent. Cases were divided into two groups of extremes. One group with two cases of highly educated and experienced entrepreneurs, and one group with two cases of low educated entrepreneurs with limited or no experience. This two-tailed multiple-case study method makes it possible to use direct replication of findings within the two groups, and also to find possible contrasting situations between the two groups. For this research study interviews are chosen to acquire case study evidence, following the general interview approach by Patton (2002). In this approach topics and issues to be covered are specified in advance in an outline form, and the interviewer decides the sequence and wording of questions in the course of the interview.For this research study I have taken several steps before I started doing case studies in order to be well prepared. The steps taken wereExtensive literature look backward on the topics under investigationTwo interviews with entrepreneurship experts to get a better understanding about the research topics from a practitioner point of viewThe design of a case study protocolConducting a pilot case studyA total of four entrepreneurs (two in each group of extremes) actively involved in running their business were selected via non-probability sampling using the REACH database. The entrepreneurs were first contacted via a generic email, and later after being selected by promise to make the appointment. The interviews were held face-to-face at the offices of the entrepreneurs, at convenient times, in silent and comfortable rooms. The interviews were tape recorded. In order to be able to triangulate data, I also interviewed an expert on human resource management and human resource issues in small firms. The inter view was held in exactly the same way as with the entrepreneurs.1.8 Thesis outlineIn order to be able to answer the main research question, the sub questions, and to meet the objective of this research study, this research study will first look at relevant literature and theories in chapter two. In chapter three the methodology used in this research study will be presented and explained. Chapter four shows the results and within case analyses of the four case studies and of the interview with the expert. In chapter five these results will be analyzed using cross case analyses. And finally chapter 6 will contain the conclusion, limitations, and implications of this research study2. literature reviewThere is an abundance of literature on HRM in general. Therefore it would be impossible to do a complete literature review on HRM within the time constraints given for this research study. Since the real issue discussed in this research study is the relationship between human capital of th e entrepreneur and HR issues in small firms, only prior research that is relevant from this vantage point will be discussed. It must be noted that due to definitional problems in literature on both small firms and HRM, providing generalizations of research findings is somewhat problematic. However, given that all researchers in the field are confronted with these definitional problems, I follow the approach of DAmboise and Muldowney (1988). They reviewed all studies and papers in which the author claimed to be writing about small firms or any variation thereof (e.g., entrepreneurial firm, SME). In this review of the literature, I do the same.2.1 HRM in small firmsWhile there is an abundance of literature on HRM, the majority is based on HRM in large firms (Wilkinson, 1999). Heneman et al. (2000) reviewed over 400 articles on HRM and found that between 1984 and 1999 only129 experiential studies focused specifically on HRM in smaller firms. Only 17 of these studies applied quantitat ive methods to analyze results. According to them the literature appears to be rich in prescriptions, limited in sound descriptive surveys, and sparse in analytical research. Similarly, Hornsby and Kuratko (2003) found that in spite of the considerable volume and diversity of HRM research, relatively little is understood regarding the HRM-related needs, practices, behaviors, and outcomes of smaller ventures. to a greater extent recently, DeKok and Den Hartog (2006) stated that even though research on HRM in small firms has increase lately, the majority of researchers still tends to ignore small firms. Heneman et al. (2000) argue that the want of research regarding HRM in small firms is problematic for theory, research, and practice.When looking at literature on HRM in small firms, it seems that for long it has polarized into the small is beautiful or bleak home perspective (Wilkinson, 1999). According to Wilkinson (1999) the small is beautiful scenario facilitates close and harmon ious working relationships with good communication, greater flexibility, and low levels of conflict, and in the bleak house scenario firms are dictatorially run with employees suffering from poor working conditions (Wilkinson, 1999). However, according to Ram (1991, as cited in Wilkinson, 1999) workplace relations in SMEs may be complex, informal and contradictory rather than simply either harmonious or autocratic. Indeed, by now we know that small firms are complex, varied, and influenced by a range of factors (Loan-Clarke et al. 1999 Carrol et al. 1999 Wagar, 1998 Mazzarol, 2003, as cited in Kotey and Sheridan, 2004).A number of studies indicate that small firms are characterized by informal, flexible and ad hoc approaches to HRM. Barret et al. (2007) explain this by saying the practices used to recruit, select, manage and appraise employees performance are not written down (for example, a list of skills and qualifications for each job), regularly applied (for example, yearly perf ormance reviews) or guaranteed they take place (for example, employer sponsored training). For example, Hornsby and Kuratko (1990) study 247 smaller firms in order to establish the progress in developing HRM practices and policies in small firms. They found that firms with less than 50 employees had very little formal HRM practices in place, and similar HRM practices were found in firms with 50 to 100 employees and firms with 100 to 150 employees. A little over a decade later Hornsby and Kuratko (2003) did a replication and an extension of their 1990 study and found evidence that suggests that human resource management practices in small firms in all three size categories has generally stagnated and even regressed in some areas over the decade. Similarly, Kotey and Slade (2005) conducted a survey of 371 small growing firms in Australia in order to establish the rate of adoption of formal HRM practices with increasing firm size. Their results showed that micro and small firms are in deed characterized by informal HRM practices, but the adoption of formal HRM practices increased with firm size with a move toward formal practices early in the growth process.In contrast, there are also studies showing there is a greater level of sophistication of HRM practices in small firms than would be expected. However, it must be noted that these results are often derived from case studies with very small samples. For example, De Kok and Uhlaner (2001) studied 16 firms with between 10 and 41 employees and found that some of these firms used HRM practices that were more formal than expected. In line with this Duberley and Walley (1995) did a comparative case-study with sixteen organizations in the United Kingdom to study the extent to which HRM has been adopted in small firms. Although the majority of the studied firms (13) did not adopt a strategic approach towards HRM with an integrated set of policies related to corporate strategy, they found that three of the firms did ind eed approximate quite closely to the model of strategic HRM.Barret et al. (2007) state that while an informal and ad hoc approach to HRM may work for some small firms, in periods of growth the sustainability of that approach can be problematic. In line with this Arthur (1995) states that if growth is to be sustained, formal HRM practices and policies are necessary to cope with the increasing complexity as a result of greater number of employees. A study by Kotey and Slade (2005) on the rate of adoption of formal human resource management practices in 371 small growing firms in Australia indicated a move toward hierarchical structures, an increase in documentation, and more administrative processes as the firm grew. Similar results were found by Barret and Mayson (2007) when they conducted a survey of 600 small Australian firms. Their analysis showed that growth-oriented small firms were more likely to use formal HRM practices than non-growth small firms. Roberts, Sawbridge, and Bamb er (1992, as cited in Wilkinson, 1999) explain this by saying when a firm employs more than 20 staff, the limits of informality become apparent informal networks of recruitment dry up informal styles of management communication are stretched and ad hoc responses to personnel issues create problems. In line with this Jennings and Beaver (1997, as cited in Bartram, 2005) state that when the entrepreneur becomes over-extended because the firm has grown above a certain size, the management of human resources needs to be professionalized and delegated.However, there are also researchers like Wilkinson (1999) and Welbourne and Cyr (1999) who state that putting an emphasis on formal rules and procedures in small firms is outdated, because entrepreneurs operate in an environment where they have to make rapid decisions in order to be able to respond to market changes. They argue that bureaucratic HRM may reduce flexibility and increase firm inertia. Similarly, Hill and Stewart (1999, as cite d in De Kok, 2003) argue that small firms should be more flexible and informal to be able to cope with higher levels of environmental uncertainty.2.2 HRM activities in small firmsAccording to Barret and Mayson (2007) the most unremarkably found HRM activities in small firms reflect operational needs and pragmatic concerns. For example, record keeping, staffing activities (recruitment and selection), and to a lesser extent motivation and retention activities (compensation and reward practices). Cassel et al. (2002) conducted an empirical study on HRM activities in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), and found that there is a considerable diversity amongst SMEs in relation to their use of HR practices and techniques. They stated it appeared that key managers within SMEs, rather than taking a coherent, strategy based approach to the implementation of HRM, are taking a more pick and mix contingency approach. Which practices are chosen, and the extent to which they are used and formalized is based on a number of characteristics about the SME and the current business climate within which they find themselves (Cassel et. Al, 2002).Although there is no generally excepted list of HR practices and techniques used by smaller firms, attempts have been made to identify practices and techniques unremarkably used in smaller firms. For example, McEvoy (1984) studied small business personnel practices in 84 small businesses with 25 to 250 employees located near a midwestern United States metropolitan area. A thirty-six item questionnaire was administered and filled in by an interviewer interviewing the person responsible for HRM in the firm. The questions focused on the usage of HRM practices like HRM structures, policy and planning, staffing, performance evaluation, employee motivation, job satisfaction and turnover, and compensation and unionization. Important findings relevant for this research study are that when firms reached an average of 73 employees the manag ement of human resources shifted from one person (often the entrepreneur) to a newly formed separate personnel department. About 80% of the firms sampled used written personnel