Hollywoods Asians Essay - 1016 Words

Hollywood’s Asians Asian Americans have been part of America for almost as long as its existence. From the Chinese laborers building the transcontinental railway, inner cities laundry services, to Asian farmers who have helped build the agriculture communities around the country, Asian American have contributed to the industries and economy of America. Despite their loyalty and contributions to this country, Asian Americans have been discriminated and considered as â€Å"unassimilable† by many Americans. Racism toward Asian is further extended by Hollywood’s use of â€Å"yellow face,† where Caucasian actors applied make up and prosthetics to pose as Asians, stereotypes such â€Å"yellow peril† and â€Å"orientalism.† (Garcia, 13) From the beginning of motion†¦show more content†¦As the popularity of Fu Manchu increased, Hollywood was quick to take advantage and portray this character as a threat to white supremacy. According to Eugene Franklin Wong’s The Early Years: Asians in the American Films Prior to World War II, Rohmer, the creator of Fu Manchu stated â€Å"I MADE MY MANE ON FU MANCHU BECAUSE I KNOW NOTHING ABOUT the Chinese... I know something about Chinatown. But that is a different matter.† (Wong, 57) This presented a problem as the whole perception of Dr. Fu Manchu was based on generalization and ignorance. Unfortunately, ignorance of Asian culture became the root of Asian characters in motion pictures. The ambiguity and general facelessness of Asian characters and communities lead to the creation of a low-budget film called Chan is Missing (1981) by Wayne Wang. As two amateur detective cab drivers search the San Francisco’s Chinatown for the mysterious Chan, but never do find him or even reach any conclusion about why he is missing. (Marchetti, 53) Kyaw 3 On the other hand, Hollywood’s depictions of different ethnic Asian are not always negative or evoke racism. As the news Japan’s military growth and reaches the shores of America, characters such as Fu Manchu and General Yen which portrayed dangerous Chinese warlords disappear from the screen. The Japanese Imperialist troops became the replace for the stereotypical evil Asian characters. (Marchetti, 41) Scene of Japanese troopsShow MoreRelatedThe Film And Tv And Dark Side Of American Cities946 Words   |  4 Pagesof some people mostly Asian. Among these darker aspects is the discrimination and racial oppression that some people faces in these cities. Most of the Hollywood films continuously feature discrimination of some people mostly Asian. while the people from Asians represent a significant proportion of the entire U.S. it is still really hard to understand how they are yet to be regarded as fully Americans citizens. for example in 2013 the caricatured portrayals of the Asians were on the rise WithRead MoreThe Misrepresentation Of Minorities For The Mainstream Film Industry1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe recent expansion of Asian-American roles on television has paradoxically ushered in a new generation of actors with just enough star power and job security to speak more freely about Hollywood’s larger failures†(Hess). Unfortunately, the mainstream film industry seems to continually work against the sense of positioning minorities into leading roles, or much of any role in the big blockbusters Hollywood, and other mainstream productions, bank upon each year. 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However, Hollywood films shot in more recent times and Hollywood’s attitude to non-white actors speak about the film studios’ hypocritical approach to racism, as Hollywood’s activities indirectly promote racist ideologies spreading in the US film industry. Hollywood’s hypocritical approach to racism is proved by movie characters’ whitening, the white defaultRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie Aloha 1191 Words   |  5 Pagessociety. There is a system set in place that favors white people and itâ €™s been this way since the founding of America. Racism in Hollywood is no different, since its conception Hollywood’s preference for white faces has been clear and continuous. From the 1915 film Birth of a Nation to Cameron Crowe’s 2015 film Aloha, Hollywood’s has proven time and time again that we are not living in a post racial society. Racism within Hollywood can be seen in different forms, from its lack of diversity, negativeRead MoreThe American Film Industry : The Asian Community983 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica’s changing demographics, Hollywood’s most powerful leaders still lack behind in responding to the demands for movies that reflect cultural and racial shifts. The demand for more culturally diverse movies has been increasing over time. There are many great actors and actresses who are struggling to survive in the film industry due to the fact that they are categorized as a minority. One community in particular who is struggling th e most today is the Asian Community. There has been an increaseRead MoreRace As A Social Construct1057 Words   |  5 Pagesaudience’s and fans of the manga found out that the protagonist was to be played by American actress Scarlett Johansson. Asian-American actress Constance Wu believed that the casting of a white woman is deep-rooted within Hollywood’s racism â€Å"many people s vision of who they see as a hero is rooted in systemic racism†. The film has also been accused of ‘whitewashing’ an originally asian story. Whitewashing is a term which refers to the film industry’s attempt at making originally ethnic characters moreRead MoreMovie Analysis : Korean Horror Films1785 Words   |  8 Pagesyears. Even more importantly is the success of these films abroad due to the increased interest in Japanese and East Asian horror. The success of East Asian horror films at a global and cross-cultural stage challenge known aspects of what is deemed as â€Å"conventional cinema.† However, in order to truly understand the success of these films and the challenges they face, Hollywood’s role needs to be acknowledged. Any analysis that seeks to depart Korean national cinema from Hollywood standards is incompleteRead MoreLilly Fuller. 8 March, 2017. English 11. Gabbert. My Favorite1255 Words   |  6 Pagesso the producers can say, â€Å"We’re not whitewashing! Look, there s one black guy in the background!†. There is no reason to skew our own history, but Chris Rock put it bluntly in his essay on race in Hollywood, â€Å"it s a white industry† (â€Å"Essay on Hollywood’s Race Problem†, Rock). In â€Å"The Conqueror† (1956), white actor John Wayne (archetyped as a cowboy) played Mongol warlord, Genghis Khan. Obviously this is an offensive casting because Genghi s Khan is Mongolian. Not white. Yes that was in 1956, butRead MoreHistorical Events Portrayed During War Films1380 Words   |  6 PagesHistorians do not agree with historical events portrayed in war films because films don’t always portray the facts. For this reason, historians might discredit the film but it’s not Hollywood’s job to inform or tell the truth. Hollywood is the business of entertainment that fulfills the fantasies that people want to see. Through films the audience gets the feelings and understanding of a historical time period, plus satisfaction of entertainment. The director’s give their point of view mixed with

Is It Better to Be a Member of a Group Than to Be the Leader Free Essays

ESSAY Do you agree with the following statement? It is better to be a member of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. I personally disagree with the statement that it is better to be a member of a group than a leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Is It Better to Be a Member of a Group Than to Be the Leader? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is true that being a member is certainly much more comfortable, as you have less responsibility, and you are not the one who makes the final decisions. Also, some people may be too shy, too reserved or not charismatic enough to become a leader. However, in my opinion, a leader is a member too, but a leader does more. First of all, a leader takes responsibility for making decisions and guiding the others in a certain direction. The second reason is that if you take the responsibility of being the leader, you are more active. Thus, your participation in the group is much more interesting and exciting. You are more concerned about what is happening around you, and you do not just wait for other people to do everything. In other words, you are not passive, and you get involved. Finally, if you are a good leader, then the others will respect you, and gaining people’s respect is important if you want to have a good place in society. As a conclusion, I would say that, to me, it is more interesting to be a leader than to be only a member, as it can be so much more stimulating and enriching for your personal and professional life. How to cite Is It Better to Be a Member of a Group Than to Be the Leader?, Essay examples

New Lease Standard IFRS 16-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: In 2016, the IASB introduced the new accounting standard IFRS16 Leases (effective from 1/2019 with early adoption permitted) which requires what were previously classified as finance and operating leases to be classified and included on the lessees balance sheet. What is the rationale behind this decision? Provide your reason with references. What are the implications that would have for the lessee and the lessor? (Note: you are expected to specify (with references) which types of companies are likely to be affected and how they are affected?) Answer: Introduction A new standard for lease accounting has been developed by IASB named as IFRS 16 Leases. It provides guidelines for lease accounting and state that the data reported must show the accurate information about the lease transactions. The standard will come into effect from January 1, 2019 and once applicable it will replace the old standard IAS 17 (Iasplus.com. 2018). The reports contains detailed information about IFRS 16, its implications on lessor and lessee and the reasons behind introducing it. In the later part, it also discussed about the companies which are likely to be affected by this. IFRS 16 Leases IASB published a new standard for lease reporting in January 2016, which will be in effect from January 2019. It was introduced by IASB as part of joint project with FASB. It deals with the new principles for disclosure and measurement of leases. A single lessee model was established which requires a lessee to take into account all the liabilities and assets for the leases that have a term period of more than 1 year (Deloitte UK. 2018). Under IFRS 16, lease is defined as a contract in which customer (lessee) get a right to use an asset for a specified period of time in exchange of some consideration (accaglobal.com. 2018). The introduction of new standard will definitely impact several industries and also the accounting requirements of lessee and lessor. The sectors which mainly get affected are retail, telecommunications, banking, metal and mining, insurance and oil and gas entities. However, entities that has applied for IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers can apply IFRS 16 in its lease accounting before its effective date. The main motive of bringing this was to enhance the reporting of leases by eliminating their classification as financial and operating lease. This elimination will enable the lessees to show all the leases on its balance sheet so that true and fair picture can be represented (Ifrs.org. 2016). Rationale behind the standard The main reason behind introducing IFRS 16 was to amend the approach stated under IAS 17, related to the classification of leases. IAS 17 was focused on distinguishing between the two types of leases. Under it, the lease that transfers all the risk and reward of asset ownership is termed as financial lease and apart from this all other leases are known as operating leases. However, the classification set out in IAS 17 was subjective which provides a clear benefit to the people who prepare financial statements of lessee. They can argue about the fact that leases should be presented as operating in order to avoid the presentation of leased assets and liabilities on the balance sheet (accaglobal.com. 2018). It was for this reason that IASB brings new lease standard IFRS 16. Also according to the IASB Chairman, the former lease standard does not reflect the economic reality. As per him, more than 85% leases are recognized as operating and are not shown on the balance sheet. As a result of which, they contribute in creating real liabilities which may prove to be difficult for the major sectors like retail industry to cope up with the situation of financial crisis. In addition to this, under IAS 17, companies were allowed to be discrete about their operating leases. This led to the false and unfair representation of companys financial position and performance. As a result, investors find it difficult to measure and compare the economic condition of different entities due to the faulty and unreliable data provided by the balance sheet. In a nutshell, former standard does not reflect economic reality which led to the introduction of IFRS 16 (Ifrs.org. 2016). Implications Lessor The impact on the lessors will be minor as the requirement for them will remain unchanged. They are required to classify the leases in the same way as it was mentioned in IAS 17. Fundamentally, the requirements of lessor accounting has not changed under IFRS 16. However, lessors will have new disclosure requirements. The new standard contains a specific exemption for lessors related to the valuation of investment properties at fair value. Some new requirements related to sales and lease back transactions are also provided by IFRS 16. Apart from these, there is no such significant impact on the lessors (KPMG. 2016). Lessee IFRS 16 will have a great and significant impact on the lessees because of its new requirements. Till now, the companies are classifying their leases as operating and financing as per IAS 17. The off balance sheet leases are those which are not reported on the balance sheet. These are generally operating leases. The new standard will require the companies to not only convert its existing operating leases but also amends its policies and procedures. The implementation of IFRS 16 will bring changes in the companies IT and control system that are used for supporting lease accounting along with lease procurement, administration and tax. Also the financial statements of lessees will also be affected (KPMG. 2016). Source: (Ey.com. 2016). Companies most likely to be affected The changes in the lease accounting has affected many companies and also their financial metrics. However, the impact is measured as per the facts and circumstances related to each entity. The main entities or industries that get affected by IFRS 16 are: Retail and Customer: This sector is expected to be majorly impacted by the change in lease requirements. It is especially in the case where leasing the retail space is the business of the entity. Moreover, manufacturing companies also need to look at all the major contracts that includes rental of plant and equipment, distribution centre and fleet arrangements. As an effect of the changes, retailers need to check the renewal options, estimate and remeasure the variable payments that are linked to a spot rate or an index. In addition to this, they are also required to separate the service charges from the lease elements (com. 2016). Telecommunications companies: These entities lease a vast number of big ticket items that includes cell towers, network equipment, fibre optical cables and satellite transponders. According to the new requirements they need to consider the new definition of lease for identifying the arrangements that contain lease. In addition to this, these companies need to analyse the contracts where the equipment are provided to the customers. Identification of the lease and the method of lease payments is required to be done by the telecommunication entities (com. 2016). Banking and Financial institutions: Banks have many branch networks and large call centres and administration that require them to consider the lease arrangements carefully. Moreover contracts related to the ATMs and the space used by them are required to be assessed as per the requirements of the new lease standard. Financial institutions can make use of the data storage facilities and these arrangements can cover under the scope of IFRS 16. As per the changes, financial service entities need to determine the treatment of right-of-use assets for regulatory capital requirements. Metals and Mining: After the implementation of IFRS 16, companies operating in metals and mining sector needs to consider all the major arrangements they have made such as mining equipment, land and buildings as well as vehicles. Such arrangements may give rise to on balance sheet leases accounting under new standard. Likewise, construction companies also have to consider all the arrangements made related to equipment, vehicle and land and buildings leasing which may give rise to on balance sheet leases (com. 2016). Transport and logistics sector: Firms operating in this industries often lease items such as trains, ships, aircraft, real estate and also other vehicles. They also required to decide about the renewal options and identify the lease as a service or operating lease. Along with this, they need to separate the service elements from the leased equipment (com. 2016). Oil Gas entities and insurance companies: They are least affected and are may be impacted by the arrangements done in respect of vehicles, equipment and land and buildings along with those that contain a lease (com. 2016). So, all the above sectors or industries will be majorly impacted by the changes in the lease accounting standard. Once IFRS 16 become effective, the companies are required to report their leases as per the new requirements and comply with the changes made in their policies and procedures. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that introduction of new lease standard IFRS 16 will change the procedure for lease accounting, specifically for operating leases. It will lay down some certain requirements that are to be followed by the companies and as a result of which their financial statements will be highly affected. IFRS 16 will eliminate the need of classifying the lease as operating and finance and will provide a single accounting model for lease reporting. The report also states that lessees will be more impacted than lessors, as they have to change their method of lease accounting in order to comply with the new requirements. Overall, it can be said that IFRS 16 will help in providing accurate information about the lease transaction of the companies. References Iasplus.com. (2018). IFRS 16 Leases. Retrieved from https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ifrs/ifrs-16 Deloitte UK. (2018).IFRS 16 Leases: new financial reporting standard Potential implications for lenders. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/audit/articles/ifrs-16-leases.html Ey.com. (2016). Leases a summary of IFRS 16 and its effects. Retrieved from https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-leases-a-summary-of-ifrs-16/$FILE/ey-leases-a-summary-of-ifrs-16.pdf Pwc.com. (2016). IFRS 16: The leases standard is changing. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/services/audit-assurance/assets/ifrs-16-new-leases.pdf Ifrs.org. (2016). IFRS 16 Leases. Retrieved from https://www.ifrs.org/-/media/project/leases/ifrs/published-documents/ifrs16-effects-analysis.pdf accaglobal.com. (2018). IFRS 16, Leases. Retrieved from https://www.accaglobal.com/sg/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f7/technical-articles/ifrs16.html Ifrs.org. (2016). Introductory comments to the European Parliament. Retrieved from https://www.ifrs.org/-/media/feature/news/speeches/hans-hoogervorst-introductory-comments-to-the-european-parliament-jan-2016.pdf KPMG. (2016). IFRS 16 Leases. Retrieved from https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/01/leases-first-impressions-2016.pdf

The Blue People Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Blue People Essay, Research Paper The Blue People of Troublesome Creek Trost, Cathy. The Blue People of troublesome Creek. Science, November 1982. Pp. 35-39. Martin Fugate was a Gallic orphan who settled on the Bankss of eastern Kentucky s Troublesome Creek. His great-great-great-great grandson was born non far from Troublesome Creek. He was born with dark bluish tegument that appeared to be the colour of a bruised plum. This colour was due to blood inherited from past coevalss. His great-great-great-great grandson Benjy lost his bluish shade within a few hebdomads. His lips and fingernails still turn a shadiness of purple-blue when he gets cold or angry. The people that have this are merely known as bluish people. The recessionary cistron causes this complaint. Madison Cawein, a haematologist from the University of Kentucky came down to troublesome Creek in the 1960 s to bring around the bluish people, Martin Fugate s posterities had multiplied their recessionary cistrons all over the Cumberland Plateau. We will write a custom essay sample on The Blue People Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cawein merely found the bluish people with the aid of Ruth Pendergrass. Ruth was besides known as a great large nurse. Ruth discovered a bluish individual when it walked into the wellness section that she worked at. She tried to expose this find so the bluish disease could be cured. Cawein say s, They were truly embarrassed to be bluish. After governing out bosom and lung diseases, the physician suspected methemoglobinemia, a rare familial blood upset that consequences from extra degrees of methemoglobin in the blood. Methemoglobin, which is bluish, is a nonfunctional signifier of the ruddy haemoglobin that carries O. It is the colour of oxygen-depleted blood seen in the blue veins merely below the tegument. E.M. Scott, a Public Health Service physician at the Arctic Health Research Center in Anchorage had written a Journal of Clinical Investigation. In this he had discovered familial methemoglobinemia among Alaskan Eskimos and Indians. It was caused by an absence of the enzyme diaphoreses from their ruddy blood cells. This status is a recessionary trait so it would most frequently appear in an inbred line. Merely like the Alaskans, their blood had accumulated so much of the blue molecule that it overwhelmed the ruddy of normal haemoglobin that shows through as pink in the tegument of most Caucasians. Cawein decided methylene blue was the absolutely obvious counterpoison. Cawein chose methylene blue because it had been used successfully and safely in other instances and because it acts so rapidly. Once he injected each patient with the 100 mgs of the counterpoison the bluish colour was gone from their tegument.

The Appeal of Euthanasia essays

The Appeal of Euthanasia essays Euthanasia derived from the Greek language which means good death. Euthanasia is the practice of ending a life to release an individual from suffering an incurable disease or intolerable pain. Having to lay in bed twenty-four hours a day is no way to live a life. People that suffer from a serious disease should have the right to die by euthanasia. There is no need for someone to suffer in bed 24 hours a day with machines running into your body for you, or even without machines but living a life of misery. Medical advancements have given us this ability to keep people alive, but we should respect the right to end the life if necessary. This right isn't respected throughout and is illegal in almost every other country. The United States has legalized euthanasia in the state of Oregon and only that. This is a very touchy subject when it comes to discussion and is one that needs to be brought to strong attention. The terminally ill shouldn't have to wait and die a death as the disease takes over their body, they should be able to die with dignity and make their own choice. The option should be there for the taking and not able to be denied by people who don't even understand what true suffering really is. Thomas Youk, age 52, suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig 's Disease. This disease slowly weakens nerves and muscles, causing difficulty breathing, paralysis and a final outcome of death. This man was forced to live with this disease and was in constant agony and terrified to choke on his own saliva, not to mention was forced to eat through a feeding tube. No legal ways were in action to allow for an active euthanasia to be performed so the family in turn contacted Dr. Kevorkian. Nicknamed "doctor death", Kervorkian was the most known advocate of euthanasia for people suffering from an incurable or fatal disease. He has suggested performing more than 1...

Buy vs Renting Research Paper

Buy vs Renting Research Paper Housing Decision: Should we rent or own a house Sugandha Amatya Narayan Deshar Rajesh Maharjan Suman Shrestha Bibek Tulachan Table Of Content (Jump to) Background Should Mr. X stay in a rented house or buy a house? Calculation of Rent Calculation of Cost of Buying House Calculation of Value Appreciation of Property Analysis of Gain or (Loss) between Staying in Rented House or Buying a House Conclusion    Background The Decision Problem The home ownership analysis to follow is intended to represent as realistically as possible as 2014 current market conditions in the areas two core cities of Kathmandu: – Jahmsikhel and Harisiddhi where the price is relatively low comparing to the first one. A quick survey/sampling of property in several housing areas in Jahmsikhel indicated that a house with market value of Rs 3.1 corer could be rented for approximately Rs 60,000 per month and the house with the market value of Rs 1.01corer in Harisiddhi could be rented for appro ximately for Rs 20,000 per month. Assuming that, there are two couples, each with Rs 40,000 per month. All two have the same gross income in salary and the filing status for income tax purposes. The first couple, designated as Owners,† purchases a home. The second couple, Renters†, decides to rent. The home buyers (Owners and Capita lists) are married and file joint returns. (Their income will be itemized later.) The market costs of their houses at Jhamsikhel is 3.1 corer and in Harisiddhi its 1.09 corer. (For tax purposes in Jhamsikhel Rs 75000 per year and for Harisiddhi it is allocated Rs 18,750 per month for the building.) In addition to that for the building insurance for Jhamsikhel @ 0.12% Rs 1500 per month and Rs 750 per month, Rs 5000 per month at Jhamsikhel and Rs 2000 per month at Harisiddhi, for maintenance cost at Jhamsikhel Rs 3000 per month and at Harisiddhi Rs 1000 per month is allocated. The Renters invest their Rs 20,000 in a money fund that yields 6% yearly. They reinvest the interest income into the fund each year. In the initial year, the Renters pay rent of same amount which is not changed of Rs 20,000. Throughout the 20-year period of the analysis, all variables increase annually at the 6% annual inflation rate. These variables include the couples’ salaries, loan service charge, and loan processing charge, property valuation charge, and mortgage loan payment, building insurance premium, maintenance cost, electricity, water and other utilities costs, depreciation on building, property tax and rental expenses. When discounting after-tax cash flows, we use a 6% interest rate that represents these couples’ market interest rate under inflation. Research Methodology: Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Methodologyis the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study, or the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. In short, the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is Research Methodology. Research Objectives: The main objectives of conducting the following research are as follows:

Nursing in a Day Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing in a Day Surgery - Essay Example In order to do this the discussion will first of define pain, because it not objective as many nurses and health practioners may believe. In fact it is a very subjective term. The discussion will end by considering the problems in the UK when dealing with patient's whose wishes are hard to discern and whether we should be administering pain relief methods without proper consent. It is this balance between whether nurses, as myself, should be acting on the wishes of the doctors and the establishment or the patient's wishes and concerns. This is because speed and cost efficiency should not be a determining factor in a patient's health, rather if a person who has varicose vein surgery is more suited for overnight care this should be considered. Pain was found to be the major concern for patients undergoing surgery and they wanted access to information both verbally and through written communication (Taylor. H. 2001). Patients have evinced interest in knowing the details of their recovery and realistic accounts of discomfort that they can expect. Addressing the cognitive component of pain is easily done through patient education (Carr C.J. Ellois. 2001). An audit at the Warwick Hospital found that although patient education booklets were available, the APS refrained from giving out this information. Besides, patients were not consulted in the development of the services Patients usually felt better and less ... Many used past experiences as reference for their expectations. Some studies found that patients had lower expectations of post-surgical pain. Patients also had a number of misconception related to the use of analgesia. This led to under usage of drugs and poor pain management. Understanding these factors can help nurses develop educational manuals for patients and help in better pain management (Taylor). H. 2001). The NIH has given Guidelines for the preparation of patient education and state the all communication must be, "clear, cost-effective, straightforward, modern, accessible, honest and respectful."(DoH, 2001) The Royal College and the Anaesthetic Association reported that 44% of hospitals had some form acute care services and 79% used modern analgesic techniques to manage pain (Carr C.J. Ellois. 2001.) A study of hospital services declares pain prevention to be one of the 10 most important indicators of care quality. (Susan M, 2003) While the need for management is acknowledged, the resources allocated for the function were found to be inadequate. In a significant finding, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group found that although 81% of the functions involve nursing care and 7% of these were headed by nurses there was lack of specialized nursing care in the chronic pain department. The situation was further made worse by inadequate funding. (Pain Society, 2001) Health professionals currently are found to have deficits in knowledge and skills for proper pain management. Nursing care is often found to be influenced by attitude of patients, their culture and value systems. (Redorbit.com, 2006) . The Services for Patients with Pain, in

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Analysis - Essay Example It stresses mostly on work, and the talents and skills that the company seeks in its applicants (DreamWorks Animation SKG). There is also mention of the diversity among the employees (DreamWorks Animation SKG), and a lot of emphasis on the company’s philosophy regarding its work and its employees (DreamWorks Animation SKG). It does mention that the work is collaborative (DreamWorks Animation SKG), so that is an indication of the fact that employees do enjoy job sharing opportunities to balance work and personal life. Much of the information regarding the work-life relationship of the company can be obtained from the Fortune Magazine website (100 Best Companies). It mentions that the company offers job sharing (100 Best Companies), as previously mentioned, and there is also the option of telecommuting (100 Best Companies), which makes it easier for the employees to work even from home if the need arises. However, the company website explicitly states that the work is very demanding and time consuming, and free time is hard to get (DreamWorks Animation SKG). That could be daunting for an employee who is trying to balance a personal life along with his work. Moreover, the company does not offer compressed workweeks (100 Best Companies). There is a fair chance of a good balance between work and personal life if I were to work for this company. However, given the nature and demand of the work, and my aim of maintaining a balance, I would rather look elsewhere first before settling on this

Should television be Switched Essay Example for Free

Should television be Switched Essay TV or not TV? -Thats the question. We may not all be Hamlet, but we all struggle with our own existential issues and since television plays a major role in our existence it becomes an issue. The days are long past when we could consider TV to be an innocent, innocuous part of daily life or a casual baby-sitter. It is a powerful, persuasive teacher and a primary companion for children, many of whom spend more time in front of the television than in school. Considering that some members of the average family watch more than seven hours of television per day, it is not surprising that contemporary research indicates that human development and behaviour are affected by television to a degree far exceeding earlier judgments. Unfortunately, this medium, which has been used for much good, has increasingly been misused. The number of programmes and commercials that conflict with gospel standards are steadily rising, and few viewers demonstrate enough self-discipline to resist. Some of us dont even realize what hidden messages were receiving-and little by little we subconsciously come to accept them as normal or appropriate. There is a large body of research that documents the way in which exposure to television influences children generally, and much of this relates to the effects of exposure to violent content in programming. Children who view programmes where violence is very realistic, frequently repeated or left unpunished, are more likely to imitate what they observe on television. The impact of television violence may be immediately evident in a childs behaviour or it may surface years later. Children who spend their time alone will learn behaviour from television, which is considered to be acceptable. Several studies have also highlighted that children may become immune to violence, gradually accepting it as a way to solve problems. Young children are very impressionable, and it follows that they see things on television, and at the movies, that they may consider as normal. For example, Americans accept that there is a tremendous amount of violent crime in their country. They hardly flinch when they hear about horrific murders; theyve heard it all before. However, in the UK we still find it horrific when someone holds a shootout at a school or murders a child. This is because we dont come across it very often. Unfortunately though, because of the amount of detail in newer films, we are beginning to get used to violence. Take for example the recent film, Hannibal starring Anthony Hopkins, where the consuming of a human brain is featured in graphic detail and the exploitation of cannibalism is continued throughout the film. How then can parents compete with the film industrys glamorisation of violence? Violence is becoming part of our society, and some of it must be attributed to the amount of violence that we are subjected to in the media. As well as an influencing effect on behaviour, television has a significant impact on self-image and overall health and well being of a person, despite claims that there are advertisement campaigns promoting a healthy diet and exercise. However in perspective, ninety eight percent of the time, commercials are glamorising the sedentary lifestyle with promotion of junk food and new technological advances that mean you can stay in the comfort of your own home and use the television or internet to do your weekly shopping. The effects of commercialism cannot be underestimated. Children are besieged by manipulative commercial messages day in and day out, on TV, and even at school. Companies hire psychologists to help them target children and manipulate them; we call this the art of whine-making. Perhaps the mobile phone is the biggest example of discontent among teenagers as every seventeen days on average there is a new model on the shelves. The bombardment of commercial messages has created a sense of chronic dissatisfaction in children and, many psychologists think, has contributed to the increase in teenage depression. With the technological and social development in the world, television hasnt fallen behind and companies seem to have left no stone unturned; every taboo is consistently addressed in day to day viewing. Intense and disturbing imagery, including scenes of extreme violence but including other extreme taboos such as cannibalism, were once found only in films of extreme violence. More and more, these images are appearing on television and satellite broadcast. Particularly for children and teens, these images have an effect that can best be described as a reduced version of post-traumatic stress disorder. The intense and disturbing images return unbidden and at times obsessively since the children have little ability to process and sublimate the images. However a lack of respect and courtesy is a serious national problem and sixty per cent of people have stated that it is getting worse. This relates to increased aggressiveness, lack of consideration of others and public vulgarity, all types of behaviours that are normalized by increasingly vulgar and rude television shows. Take for example the notorious Jerry Springer Show where there is uncalled for language that is consistently unsuitable and features that are far from ordinary. Firstly, the guests language is censored because of daytime viewing and because of this it is extremely hard to make out what is being said, as there seems to be more bleeps than actual words. Next in question are the discussion topics featuring occurrences that are extraordinary, some are actually so unbelievable that they become humorous. It is unquestionable that television has shaped and accelerated this trend, rather than simply reflecting it, as television executives are fond of claiming. Rude and vulgar behaviour on television regiments the behaviour and breaks down the social barriers that help children understand when certain behaviour is appropriate and not appropriate. Unfortunately, television doesnt have to be violent or vulgar to have a negative effect. Excessive television watching of any description has clear psychological and physiological effects on people. The Couch Potato Syndrome demonstrates that the benign television content decreases childrens creativity and imagination, decreases physical activity and thus increases obesity. Each year the average child watches approximately twenty two thousand commercials-five thousand of them for food products, the majority of which are high-calorie, high-sugar, low-nutrition items and meals portrayed on prime-time television are anything but balanced and far from relaxed. On TV, snacking is almost as common as breakfast, lunch, and dinner combined. During daytime weekend childrens programs, snacking comprises forty five percent of all eating events, while regular meals constitute only twenty four percent. Fruits are chosen as snacks on television only four to five percent of the time. Clearly, TV does not promote good eating habits. Adding to this affluence and power are common themes of some of the most popular shows on current prime-time television. Some programs consistently glamorise materialism and glorify products. With high-fashion wardrobes, luxurious estates, and insatiable appetites for wealth, these TV characters portray the false idea that greed brings gratification and Life-styles portrayed on these programs often promote self-satisfaction rather than sacrifice, greed instead of charity, and conceit rather than humility. Perhaps the most harmful messages TV brings into our homes relate to intimate physical relations. In the past several years, there has been a marked increase in the frequency of flirtatious behaviour and sexual innuendos on TV. Storylines and settings that include revealing or enticing apparel and explicit camera angles are on the increase. Moreover, references to intimate physical relations on TV, whether verbally insinuated or contextually implied, occur most often between unmarried partners-five times more frequently than between married couples. References to such relations with prostitutes come in second. Together, references to sexual conduct between unmarried partners and with prostitutes account for about seventy percent of all references to intimate physical conduct on television. Television is undoubtedly a sex educator of children and a potentially powerful one. Contemporary television entertainment is saturated with lessons that are likely to have an impact on young viewers sexual development and behaviour. The notorious soap, Coronation Street, is thought to be suitable for family viewing, yet a teenage pregnancy, a few years ago was aired and the particular girl has apparently benefited from it and at present is living with her boyfriend, to whom she is expecting a child and who she is blissfully unaware of the fact that he is a homosexual. In this particular instant, three taboos are referenced and broken at once; living together before marriage, pregnancy before marriage and the exploitation of homosexual tendencies and behaviour. When asked, my grandmother said that television had definitely developed but, in doing so took a wrong turn. She told me, I would have never dreamed of two teenagers having relations outside marriage, let alone watching the actual process, during family time viewing. It definitely seems that the television industry needs to sort their act out in order to ensure that not too much over exaggeration is broadcasted daily on the TV screen. So why in effect is television portrayed as having a positive influence to any extent on someones life? The only depiction of television in a good light is the broadcasting of childrens television programmes aimed at those between the ages of two and five. However, even at this, companies are negligent and inconsiderate. Programmes of such description are usually aired at unsociable hours of the morning or night as they dont make for high viewing interests and thus companies lose out, so how can a child view a beneficial programme when its broadcasted at times when a child cant watch it? However it has also been proven that such educational programmes also have a negative effect on children. Programmes like the Teletubbies and Boo-Bahs have been shown to cause a steady rise in speech impediments, as proper vocabulary has not been demonstrated, with Eh-Ho replacing hello. Hence the underlying, negative aspects outweigh even issues that are supposed to be in favour of television. Excessive TV viewing is a behaviour pattern acquired by frequent repetition that sometimes becomes involuntary. For many families, watching television is more than a habit; its a dependency, marked by withdrawal and dysfunction when the TV set is not available. It is becoming a pattern that requires diligent effort to break. In effect, when taken to excess, the impact television has on a person is undoubtedly pessimistic; it certainly can give someone a thoroughly dull mind and a huge waistline.

Standardization of Language Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative Speaking

Standardization of Language Language is a method in which individuals communicate to get their opinion and ideas across to the other party. It varies in its communication methods; it can be verbal and physical i.e. body language. A language is significantly related to the speaker’s language culture and identity, any alteration in language causes an effect on identity. Therefore I believe that language should be standardized under specific rules, regulations that support the language and prevent merging with other languages to avoid cultural assimilation. However, this standardization does not discriminate or disallow any other language to be practiced, by accepting diversity i.e. allowing English to be spoken in a Spanish speaking country, but disallowing Spang-lish. Thus I believe that language blend is unacceptable. Moreover, with rules and regulations speakers should respect their language and avoid its alternation, since it is part of who they are and what makes them special. Arabic is a language that is an example of a language that is spoken with rules and regulations that govern it, these rules come from the holy Quran. When Arabic goes through grammatical alteration, the language loses its richness, and no longer sounds the tough language that makes it special worldwide. Currently, with all the westernization occurring in the Arab world, many have diverted from the standard Arabic. Families have changed their first language to English; from my point of view, ...

Analysis of the BRICs economy Essay

a) Map the likely evolution of the BRICs. What indicators might companies monitor to guide their investments and actions? Answer: The BRICS are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs. As of 2013, the five BRICS countries represent almost 3 billion people, with a combined nominal GDP of US$14.8 trillion, and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves. The BRICS countries encompass over 25% of the world’s land coverage and 30% of the increase in global output during the period. It demonstrates that the BRICS has the huge number of the human resources and land resources that attract a lot of investor come to these five countries to seek investment opportunities and market equities. As a result, the overseas company’s monitors want to gain the best profit and the less risk, they can rely on some important of the financial indicators. For example, the Cross National Income, Gross National Income for per capita, foreign exchange rate and the amount of export and import. In addition, they also need consider the human deve lopment index. For example, they need to consider the government’s policy of the overseas company and the local culture and economic. b) What are the implications of the emergence of the BRICs for careers and companies in your country? Answer: China is increasing their economic much faster and it also has a very important position in the world. China has the largest manufacturing countries in the contemporary world due to the great natural and human resources, and it attract a lot of foreign company to expanse their business. But for now, because of the BRICS country’s impact, china can easily get the resources and technology from other BRICS countries. China gradually began to change their industry pattern from manufacture to independent research and development production. With the development of the level of education in the last few years, china has a large number of professional talents to help the company to research and development of new products. The BRICS help companies to get some resource from other BRICS country easily and increase a lot of chance to get technical communication. c) How might managers interpret the potential for their product in a market that is, in absolute economic terms, large, but on a per capita basis, characterized by a majority of poor to very poor consumers? Answer: All the BRICS countries are developing countries and the investor need to face a majority of low-income consumers. These consumers do not have high consumption ability and only focus on the bottom of market consumption level. For the managers, they need to have a good idea of the real business environment and the consumer groups that they will contact. In addition, they also need to pay attention to the potential market to low-income consumers. The company need to according to the features of these groups to position their products. These groups of consumers do not have a lot of money to buy things and only buy some things that they really need and wanted. So the company have to put more attention on their product’s price performance ratio and functionality, and not like the products for the high consumption that need pay more attention on the appearance of the product. The managers also need to help companies to adjusting internal business strategies to adapt new envi ronment. The new country have the different cultural and environment, so they need to project a marketing strategy to attract these groups of consumer. Furthermore, the consumer can help their company to get partnership with some Non-profit Organizations, and it will help to improve the reputation of the company and the effect of the product. d) In the event that the BRICs fail to meet projected performance, what would be some of the implications for international business? Answer: The aim of forming the BRICS is helping the developing country to increase more communication and promote the world peace, in order to help BRICS countries to increase the growth of economies. If the BRICS fail to meet projected performance, and it is mean that the BRICS country’s performance is facing some problems. The economic environment as gross national income, purchasing power parity, human development index and per capita income will be affected. In addition, the performance will be affected by the employment rate, debt, education and GDP relative indicators. Therefore, the BRICS need a strong political institution to have the fairness, patency and preciseness for the international business. On the other hand, the BRICS countries need to make their trade more open to attract more foreign investment, and get more the capital flows. The government should also cooperate with companies, in order to get the best business environment. e) Compare and contrast the rela tive merits of GNI per capita versus the idea of purchasing power parity, human development, and green economics as indicators of economic potential in Brazil, Russia, China, and India. Answer: The GNI per capita a first step toward understanding the country’s economic strengths and it reflects the average income of a country’s citizens. The purchasing power parity is an economic theory that states residents of one country should be able to buy the goods and services at the same price as residents of any other country over time, and it is also a calculation that determines how much things would cost if parity did exist. To calculate GNI, analysts look at the total value if goods and services produced within a given time period, such as a year. However, analysts also evaluate things produced overseas that add value to the nation, looking at what residents produce regardless of where it’s located. For purchasing power parity calculations, analysts look at purchasing power by nation, recognizing that simple currency conversions don’t account for inflation and other factors, they convert to a uniform hypothetical international currency, looking at what a dollar’s worth of that currency would buy in any nation around the world. The unman development index is a summary of human development around the world and implies whether a country is developed, still developing, or underdeveloped based on factors such as life expectancy, education, literacy, gross domestic product per capita. And a green economy is one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environment risks and ecological scarcities.

Amy Chua Analysis Essay

Reader: Parents from the Western World, who are also readers of The Wall Street Journal. Language: Well written text, with an extensive vocabulary. It is written to some extent with formal jargon. Circumstances: The writer’s home. She lives with her daughters and husband. There is a flashback into Chua’s childhood as well. Intention: She is trying to clarify the differences between Chinese parents and Western parents, along with making us understand the Chinese parents’ mindset and approach. 2) â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior† is an article written by Amy Chua. Chua is a professor at Yale, she is the mother of two daughters and she is married to a â€Å"western† man. They live in the USA, but what makes her different is her upbringing. She is from a Chinese family. Throughout her upbringing she has been raised by Chinese methods. Currently being an adult and a parent herself, she has written an article in which she supports and simultaneously explains the significance of Chinese parents. Throughout the text she uses the three modes of appeal. She starts out by using ethos: â€Å"Amy Chua is a professor at Yale Law School, USA.† and â€Å"Well, I can tell them, because I’ve done it.† By pointing out her job, education and being a Chinese parent herself in the introduction, she lets the readers know that she is a reliable source. Then (line 41-43) she uses pathos, and tries to make Western parents feel ashamed of their parenting ha bits. In addition to that, with displaying â€Å"†¦western kids are more likely to participate in sports teams.† she thinks that it is easier for Western parents to let their kids play sports, instead of spending time with them. Chua uses logos, but pathos as well in (line 50-53). Any person can relate to her statement, and bit by bit persuades the reader to understand her parenting approach. In the following passage (line 54-59) she creates and strengthens her ethos by using a harsh metaphor, and in that way exposes the reader to the way she was raised. In the passage (line 65-69) she creates pathos by using contrasts as a topological feature; Chua makes the reader aware of how honest and real Chinese parents are to their kids in contrast to Western parents. â€Å"In other words, Western parents are concerned about their children’s psyches. Chinese parents aren’t. They assume strength, not fragility, and as a result they behave very differently.† Chua proves this statement with the following passages (line 78-92), where she creates logos by using comparisons as a topological feature, and antithesis as a linguistic feature. Later in the text (line 99-105) she uses pathos, but the whole passage backfires on Chua, because of Chinese parentsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ very overwhelming and disturbing view on parenting. Afterwards (line 125-137) she creates pathos by being mean towards her daughter, and her behavior makes Chua distant from the reader. Subsequent (line 156-165) she straightens up the situation by creating pathos again. â€Å"After the rain, the rainbow appears†, this time she describes her daughter’s success and happiness as a result of the hard working days. At last in the final passage (line 176-181) she concludes her article by creating pathos. By doing that she makes the reader feel, as the writer has achieved her goal of making Western readers understand Chinese parenting. But also lets the reader know, even though Chinese and Western are very different types of parents, there are in spite of everything some resemblances. From line 75-77 Chua uses antithesis to explain what some of the differences are between the Chinese and Western parents and how their mindsets are the total opposite. In line 90 she uses the phrase â€Å"†¦ hair – tearing explosion.† By using a metaphor, she makes it clear to the reader, how horrible the parents’ reaction is going to be. In line 121, once again she uses a metaphor â€Å"†¦ drilling each of her hands.† Her intention with this is to exaggerate how long and hard they worked on her daughter’s piano skills. In line 91 she says: â€Å"†¦ maybe hundreds of practice tests†. In this example the hyperbole is used in order to demonstrate the reader how much time the Chinese mother will dedicate to her daughter’s grade.

Impact Of SMS On Society Social Policy Essays

Impact Of SMS On Society Social Policy Essays Impact Of SMS On Society Social Policy Essay Impact Of SMS On Society Social Policy Essay Presents mobile phone plays the cardinal function in communicating in many states, it bring convenience because can transport out anyplace anytime, a batch of map like listen music, browse cyberspace or play game. Another progressively popular map is the message services in signifiers of short message service ( SMS ) . SMS foremost appeared in about 1991 GSM. Later, in CDMA SMS, and TDMA webs. Phone Caller ( MO ) , the cardinal SMS characteristic that allows users to text messages from nomadic phones, has non merely go available to non, GSM users in 2000.SMS is a communicating service standardized in the nomadic phone communicating system, utilizing standard communicating protocol that allows nomadic phone text messages exchanged between the devices ( John Wily 2005 ) . About issues of SMS in society, SMS has caused subtle but interesting alterations in society since it has been popular. Harmonizing to U.S. statistics, in twelvemonth 2009, the sum of SMS sent in the first half of 200 9 was dual the figure last twelvemonth same clip, entire SMS sent in first half of 2009 is 740 billion and the volume of SMS sent daily is 4.1 billion, and there are 276 million radio users. This reflects the importance of the Short Message Service or the SMS as it is popularly known ( Jain 2009 ) . More people to utilize this service, the issues will originate more. Of class, used in the right topographic point will non be affected to society, but some people will take advantage of this service to make illegal things the community. Analysis The grounds why I taking Impact of SMS on society because last clip me about send more than 100 SMS in one twenty-four hours and do me to blow batch money to recharge my nomadic recognition. I besides cheated by a cozenage, and every hebdomad will automatically subtract the recognition of my nomadic phone. That clip I have to register an history to look intoing the football unrecorded mark and every hebdomad will bear down me RM 3 ringgit, but when I want to deactivated my history, it have no manner to learn me how to make. So every hebdomad my nomadic phone will car pay RM 3 ringgit to them. This is a lesson I learn from it, we should careful when registry anything through SMS and read the status decently before action. SMS ( Short Message Service ) , normally referred to as text messaging, is a service for directing short messages of up to 160 characters ( 224 characters if utilizing a 5 if inside the film, through SMS we can non impact any individual and send message to anyone. SMS is less time-consuming in comparing to do a phone call or direct an electronic mail. Unlike electronic mail and instant courier, SMS does non necessitate you to hold a computing machine. A batch of man of affairs sends their advertizement along with the SMS, because it will salvage cost and clip. SMS has infinite parts to the universes. Some companies will utilize this service can publish immediate qui vives to their employee about exigencies and critical state of affairss. To direct of import information to major clients or providers, thereby guaranting that the information received is the appropriate individual instantly. The company can direct salutations to their clients or providers on assorted festivals or other occasions. Any updates or e-message can be sent to roll, employees such as gross revenues forces or proficient staff on the route any updates or information. Samarium can be used to direct a message to many people, from the contact list one or all users in a peculiar country. This service is called airing companies use the contact employee groups or online services, intelligence and other information users. Bank are utile in this SMS service, it made a part to countries such as dealing sedimentations and backdowns so much. Rather than travel to the bank for processing, whereas the latter has developed a assortment of ways, leting clients to transport out short message service through banking minutess. This allows them to finish their fiscal minutess with out of the office or and place. Whether immature or old, they have been contacted and cognize how to utilize SMS service. SMS allows the sale and purchase of goods easier. Merely to direct and have text messages for purchasers and sellers do non hold to run into face to confront when minutess ( Urmann 2009 ) . SMS has its ain portion of disadvantages besides. Some fraud group will direct you the text messages to demo that you have allegedly won in a lottery or promos. Then you will happen that these are non existent, will corrupt you some money. SMS has made some decomposition of the household in one manner or another. Rather than speak to each other and their kids, they will normally pick up the phone and text or drama games. Similarly, the kids communicate with their equals the most often used text messages and lose the quality clip with their parents interact. Sadly, their interaction, communicating, and even relationships are under menace so became addicted to the short messaging system for some users. We can see SMS has a batch of benefits, comparison to post modernism, it truly have a large different now. We compare compose a missive and direct a SMS to a individual, missive will takes more than 2 yearss to make the addressee at place, but SMS merely waste 1 or 2 minute will direct out to the addressee. SMS addition more Efficiency than write missive, now we can direct messages and confabs straight with each other. A batch company will through SMS to advance their merchandise, because it can direct to many people in the same clip, that no demand waste the paper to compose any missive to advance their merchandise. Letter will blow resource, clip and money. A company can direct out SMS to every nomadic user for promote their merchandise in one twenty-four hours, missive can non merely will decelerate down every advancement and a batch disadvantage and experience unsecure to it. The positive position, SMS brings a batch of convenience to the society. Its usage more often to countless, SMS is peculiarly suited for these sorts of short messages because SMS is much cheaper than naming person and giving the same message. Name person to supply the same information will ever necessitate more clip, thereby heightening the cost ( Gupta 2001 ) . Whether in concern, or each individual transmittal of messages, SMS and the constitution of its importance and in this universe can no longer be a deficiency of a service. Some people lack communicating accomplishments, but through SMS, they can show what they want. At any clip, every bit long as have nomadic phones, we can distribute our message to anyone. For the negative position, many pupils indulged in SMS confab, taking to pretermit their surveies, but besides expensive monthly measures. This tendency has become a bad wont of the pupils, so SMS rather a large consequence on them. Some people use SMS this method to make some illegal things, such as the embezzlement of certain groups, the repute of a individual to acquire money, some nescient people and avaricious people easy to gull them. Decision From so many different positions and so the good service of SMS, It provides a really convenient method of interchanging little spots of information between Mobile users ( Gupta 2001 ) . The ground for the immense popularity of SMS has been the fact that, direct and receives messages, non merely saves clip and lower cost, every bit good as the mechanism. In many instances, it is a comparatively more comfy than speaking by directing SMS message via nomadic phone. Mankind should hold good usage of modern engineering, instead than mistreating it to the exercising of ways to interrupt the jurisprudence. Worlds have been traveling towards higher engineering, better usage of engineering can do it flourish, if a good engineering to be used in offense by some people on theodolite, it can be scientific discipline and engineering may no longer look on this Earth has. Mentions John Wily 2005, nomadic messaging engineerings and service hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.my/books? id=AWQgapsAIvoC A ; pg=PA47 A ; dq=issues+Short+Message+Service+ % 28SMS % 29 # v=onepage A ; q=issues % 20Short % 20Message % 20Service % 20 % 28SMS % 29 A ; f=false [ 5 November 2009 ] Veena Jain 2009, Advantages of Sending Bulk SMS hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesbase.com/cell-phones-articles/advantages-of-sending-bulk-sms-1030002.html [ 5 November 2009 ] Simon Smith 2008, Short Message Servicehttp: //searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0, ,sid40_gci213660,00.html [ 5 November 2009 ] David H. Urmann 2009, SMS ( Super Messaging Service! ) Advantages and Disadvantages hypertext transfer protocol: //transmeet.com/471977-SMS-Super-Messaging-Service-Advantages-and-Disadvantages.html [ 5 November 2009 ] Puneet Gupta 2001, Short Message Service: What, How and Where? hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/sms/features/sms.html [ 5 November 2009 ]